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Summer 2020 - Physiology 2 - Endocrine > Endocrine - Temperature Regulation - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine - Temperature Regulation - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What usually causes Endocrine Diseases?

A

Abnormal amounts of Hormones

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2
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Substances made by one cell type that signals a response from another cell type

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3
Q

What are considered Peptide/Protein Hormones?

A

Insulin

Growth Hormone

ADH

Most Common

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4
Q

What are considered Steroid Hormones?

A

Cortisol & Aldosterone

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5
Q

Which types of hormones are water soluble?

A

Peptide/Protein & Catecholamines

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6
Q

What types of hormones are Lipid Soluble?

A

Steroid & Thyroid

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7
Q

Where do hormones work?

A

On specific receptors on the surface or inside the cell to start a cascade of reactions

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8
Q

How does the body control hormonal response?

A

Positive and Negative Feedback

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9
Q

What is Metabolic Rate?

A

Rate of Heat Liberation during chemical reactions

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10
Q

What is the difference b/t Direct & Indirect Calorimetry?

A
  • Direct: Direct measure of heat made; difficult to peform, used in research
  • Indirect:Measures O2 Consumption & CO2 Production
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11
Q

What increases Metabolic Rate?

A

Thyroxine (T4)

Testosterone

Growth Hormone

Fever

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12
Q

What decreases Metabolic Rate?

A

Inadequate Thyroxine (T4)

Sleep

Malnutrition

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13
Q

Which monitoring sites are defined as core body temperature?

A

Esophagus

Nasopharynx

External Auditory Meatus

Pulmonary Artery Catheter

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14
Q

How does Skin, Axillary, and Rectal temperature compare to core body temperature?

A

Skin: 3-4 C lower

Axilla: 1 C lower

Rectum: 1 C higher

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15
Q

Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and is the “Set-Point”?

A

Hypothalamus/Preoptic Nuclei

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16
Q

What are the Cardiac effects of Hypothermia?

A

↑O2 Consumption d/t Shivering

Arrhythmias

Ischemia

Can’t Defib < 30 C

17
Q

What are the Pulmonary effects of Hypothermia?

A

↑Pulm. Vascular Resistance

Depressed Ventilatory Drive

↓Blood CO2

18
Q

What are the Renal effects of Hypothermia?

A

Cold Diuresis & ↓Plasma Volume

19
Q

How is the CNS effected by Hypothermia?

A

↓Cerebral O2 Consumption 7% per 1°C

↓MAC 5-7% per 1°C

Delayed Emergence

20
Q

How does Hypothermia affect coagulation?

A

Decreases Coagulation and Platelets

21
Q

Why does Hypothermia prolong NMBs and Delay Emergence?

A

50% Metabolism Reduction @ 30°C

60% Metabolism Reduction @ 25°C

Increased Plasma Concentration of Propofol & Fentanyl

22
Q

How does Hypothermia contribute to Wound Infection?

A

Directly impairs immune system

Vasoconstriction = poor tissue perfusion

↓ABX Penetration

↓Phagocytic & Neutraphil Function

23
Q

What are the Two Compartments of Body Temperature

A

Peripheral: limbs, skin, subq tissue - 1/3 of body’s heat

Core: thoracic & abdominal organs, brain - 2/3 of body’s heat

24
Q

What are the temperature ranges for the core vs. peripheral?

A

Core: 36.6 - 37.4°C

Peripheral: 0 - 40°C

Maintained by Vasoconstriction

25
Q

What is the normal Basal Heat production?

A

1.2°C per hour

26
Q

How effective is shivering in producing heat?

A

Increases heat production by 300%

27
Q

In what ways is Heat Loss?

A
  • Radiation - 60% - pt. to environment
  • Convection - 25% - air near skin moves heat away
  • Evaporation - skin prep, open abdomen, respiration
  • Conduction - 5% - direct contact b/t pt. & table
28
Q

When would you see the biggest drop in temperature in the OR?

A

1st hr. after induction d/t vasodilation

Anesthesia inhibits vasoconstriction and decreases metabolic rate by 20-40%

29
Q

1 unit of cold PRBC or 1 L of Fluid can decrease core temperature by ______?

A

0.25°C

30
Q

Which population would heat loss be more pronounced?

A

Elderly: decreased BMR & autonomic neural fxn

Neonates: decreased autonomic neural fxn & increased surface area

31
Q

Which med used to be the most commonly used for Post-Op Shivering?

A

Meperidine (Demerol) 25-50 mg - works on Mu & Kappa receptors

32
Q

What are causes of Hyperthermia?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Pheochromocytoma

Hypothalamic Injury

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

33
Q

What is the treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene: 2.5mg/kg q5min

Summer 2020 - Physiology 2 - Endocrine (5 decks)

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