Hypothalamus & Limbic System

Question 1

What separates the thalamus from the hypothalamus?

Answer 1

Hypothalamic sulcus

Question 2

The hypothalamus is structurally part of the _____ and functionally part of the _____ system.

Answer 2

Diencephalon; libic

Question 3

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the third ventricle?

Answer 3

forms the walls of the anterior portion of the third ventricle

Question 4

Which structures form the posterior portion of the hypothalamus?

Answer 4

Mammillary bodies

Question 5

Which ventricle is hypothalamus bordered by?

Answer 5

Third

Question 6

Which structure links the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

The Infundibulum (originates at tuber cinereum)

Question 7

What part of the pituitary is the hypothalamus vascularly connected to?

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

What part of pituitary is hypothalamus neurally connected to?

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

What is the function of the anterior area nuclei (e.g., suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, anterior)

Answer 9

Sleep, eating, parasympathetic, circadian rhythms

Question 10

What is the function of the posterior area nuclei (e.g., posterior nucleus, mamillary bodies)

Answer 10

Sympathetic, upregulation of BT, arousal, wakefulness

Question 11

The hippocampus is located where relative to the lateral ventricle

Answer 11

Just inferior to the inferior horn

Question 12

On a coronal section, is the amygdala visible anteriorly or posteriorly to the hippocampus

Answer 12

ANTERIORLY - note that you cannot view the inferior horns of the lateral ventricle in this coronal section

Question 13

Which for structures (not tracts) are implicated in the Papez circuit?

Answer 13

1) Hippocampus 2) Mamillary bodies (3) Anterior thalamic nuclei; 4) Cingulate cortex

Question 14

Which 4 fibre tracts are implicated in the Papez circuit

Answer 14

1) Fornix; 2) Mamillothalmic tract; 3) IC; 4) Cingulum

Question 15

Describe the flow of information in Papex circuit (starting at hippocampus)

Answer 15

Question 16

what is the lamina terminalis?

Answer 16

Membrane extending from the anterior commissure inferiorly to the rostral edge of the optic chiasm; anterior boundary of the hypothalamus

Question 17

Which zone (lateral vs. medial) contains most of the functionally important hypothalamic nuclei?

Answer 17

Medial zone

Question 18

What are the three functional areas of the hypothalamus along the anterior-posterior axis?

Answer 18

Anterior, middle, posterior

Question 19

Where are the preoptic and anterior nuclei and what is their function?

Answer 19

1) Medial Zone (anterior area); 1) heat loss, response to heat, parasympathetic activity, sleep

Question 20

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus and what is its function

Answer 20

Anterior hypothalamus/medial zone; circadian rhythms, secretes releasing/inhibiting hormones

Question 21

Where is the supraoptic nucleus and what is its function

Answer 21

Medial zone/anterior; secretes hormones (oxytocin, vasopression, antidiuretic)

Question 22

Where is the paraventricular nucleus and what is its function

Answer 22

Anterior area (medial zone); hormone secretion from magnocellular and parvocellular cells

Question 23

Which five nuclei are present in the anterior hypothalamus?

Answer 23

PPASS - paraventricular, preoptic, anterior, supraoptic, suprachiasmatic

Question 24

What are the three middle/tuberal nuclei

Answer 24

Arcuate, Ventromedial, Dorsomedial

Question 25

Which hypothalamic nucleus is involved in satiety (hunger suppression)

Answer 25

Ventromedial

Question 26

Where is the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and what is its function

Answer 26

Middle/tuberal region; circadian and emotional regulation

Question 27

Where is the arcuate nucleus and what does it do?

Answer 27

Middle/tuberal region, secretes hormones

Question 28

What are the nuclei of the posterior region?

Answer 28

Posterior nucleus; mamillary body

Question 29

What is the role of the posterior nucleus? Where is it?

Answer 29

Posteriro region; sympathetic activity; heat response; arousal wakefulness

Question 30

Which two hypothalamic nuclei have opposing roles?

Answer 30

Preoptic and anterior (parasympathic) vs. Posterior (sympathetic)

Question 31

Where is the mammillary nucleus; what is its function?

Answer 31

Posterior region; memory

Question 32

Blood supply to anterior hypothalamus?

Answer 32

Branches from Anterior communicating and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 33

Blood supply to posterior hypothalamus?

Answer 33

Branches from posterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 34

Which fibre bundle connects the cortices involved in the limbic system?

Answer 34

The cingulum

Question 35

What does the uncus overlie

Answer 35

Amygdala and anterior hippocampus (i.e., entorhinal cortex)

Question 36

Another name for the anterior parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 36

Entorhinal cortex

Question 37

What is the role of the entorhinal cortex (anterior parahipocampal gyrus)

Answer 37

Receives sensory and prefrontal inputs; relays info between hippocampus and cortical regions

Question 38

What are the four regions of the fornix?

Answer 38

Column (most anterior, posterior to anterior commissure), body, Crus, fimbria

Question 39

What type of neurons are the primary sensory neurons for the olfactory system?

Answer 39

Bipolar cells; chemoreception happens at dendrites

Question 40

Where do primary olfactory neurons synapse with secondary neurons?

Answer 40

Olfactory bulb

Question 41

Where do olfaction signals go after synapsing at the olfactory bulb

Answer 41

To cortex (bypass thalamus)

Question 42

What type of CN is CNI

Answer 42

SSA - special afferent for olfaction

Question 43

Where is the olfactory association area?

Answer 43

Entorhinal cortex - BA 28