Blood Supply to Cerebral Hemispheres and Deep Structures Flashcards
What supplies the basilar artery
The vertebral arteries (posterior)
What bifurcates to create the posterior cerebral arteries?
The basilar artery
Identify the components of the Circle of Willis. What two systems does it join?
Joins anterior system and vertebral system Base = posterior cerebral artery Sides = Anterior communicating artery Top = middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
What supplies the middle and anterior cerebral arteries?
The internal carotid arteries
What does the posterior communicating artery connect
The posterior cerebral arteries to the internal carotid system
What is the perfusion territory of the posterior cerebral artery (and its branches)?
1) Portions of the midbrain (overlaps laterally with superior cerebellar artery) 2) Medial surface of occipital and temporal lobes 3) Inferior temporal lobe 4) lateral temporal and occipital lobes
What structure is perfused by deep branches of the PCA?
The thalamus
What is the perfusion area of the MCA?
-Frontal and parietal cortex above lateral fissure -A small portion of the inferior frontal lobes (more laterally than the (ACA) -Basal ganglia and insula via lenticulostriate arterial branches
Which regions are supplied by the lenticulostriate (MCA) arteries?
Basal ganglia Insula
What is supplied by the ACA
-Most of the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes -Most of the inferior surface of the frontal lobes (more medially than the MCA) -1-2cm of the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes (everything that the MCA misses)
Where does the ACA rest relevant to the CC?
anteriorly and dorsally
What are the two branches off the internal carotid artery?
1) MCA 2) anterior choroidal arteries
What structures are supplied by anterior choroidal arteries?
Portions of: GP putamen, tail of caudate, posterior limb of IC, hippocampus
What is the destination of choroidal arteries?
Choroid plexus in lateral ventricle
What are choroidal arteries vulnerable to?
Increases in blood pressure (narrow compared to internal carotid)
Which areas (shaded) are supplied by the anterior choroidal arteries?
- hippocampus (orange)
- inf horn of lateral ventricle (blue)
- GPi (green)
- Posterior limb of IC (brown)
Name the artery that corresponds to each perfusion area
Green - ACA
Blue - MCA
Yellow - PCA
What is a watershed area?
The area where two perfusion areas come together (e.g, ACA-MCA; MCA-PCA)
- Vulnerable to drops in blood pressure and arterial occlusion
What supplies the putamen?
Mostly MCA, some anterior by ACA
What supplies the caudate?
ACA, MCA, and PCA
What supplies the thalamus?
PCA
Name the vessel that supplies each area
Which artery supplies portions of the caudal and rostral medulla?
Vertebral
Which vessel perfuses each area (horizontal through mid-thalamus)
What supplies the vertebral arteries?
Subclavian arteries
Which artery supplies these regions
Vertebral
What are the three main branches of the vertebral artery
- Anterior spinal artery
- Posterior spinal arteries (2)
- Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs)
Where do the branches of the vertebral artery form to create the basilar artery?
Pontomedullay junction
What is the perfusion area of the anterior spinal artery in the medulla?
Medial (rostral and caudal)
What is the perfusion area of the posterior spinal arteries in the medulla?
What supplies the lateral ROSTRAL medulla?
PICAs (posterior inferior cerebellar arteries)
Which artery supplies most of the pons?
Basilar
Which two arteries does the basilar artery branch into at the level of the pons?
1) Superior cerebellar arteries
2) AICAs (anterior inferior cerebellar arteries)
What do the superior cerebellar arteries supply?
Portions of midbrain, rostral pons and cerebellum
- Lateral midbrain
- Dorso-lateral pons
What do AICAs supply?
-small portion of the caudal pons and the middle cerebellar peduncles
Which arteries does the basilar artery bifurcate into at the level of the midbrain?
Posterior cerebral arteries
What is the circle of willis
Site where the posterior vertebral-basilar system and internal carotid system anastamose
What does the superior cerebellar
Name these arteries
1) Vertebral; 2) Common Carotid; (*) Basilar; 3) External carotid; 4) internal carotid; 5) MCA; 6) ACA
