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Neuroscience > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply of hypothalamus

A

circle of willis

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2
Q

Three zones of the hypothalamus

A

periventricular
medial
lateral

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3
Q

Three major nuclei of lateral zone of hypothalamus

A

lateral preoptic nucleus
lateral hypothalamic area
tuberomammillary nucleus

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4
Q

function of lateral hypothalamic area

A

induces eating when stimulated

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5
Q

function of tuberomammillary nucleus

A

its neurons release histamine to lots of portions of forebrain–attention and arousal

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6
Q

regions of medial zone of hypothalamus

A

preoptic
anterior (supraoptic)
middle (tuberal)
posterior (mamillary)

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7
Q

What does preoptic region of the medial zone of the hypothalamus contain?

A

medial preoptic nucleus

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8
Q

fxn of medial preoptic nucleus

A

its neurons regulate gonadotropin secretion from the adenohypophysis

houses sexually dimorphic nuclei

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9
Q

What does the anterior supraoptic region of the medial zone of the hypothalamus contain?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus
anterior hypothalamic nucleus
paraventricular nucleus
supraoptic nucleus

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10
Q

fxn of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

receives direct input from retina

very important role in control of circadian rhythm

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11
Q

fxn of anterior hypothalamic nucleus

A

temperature regulation-senses warmth

also involved w/ stimulation of parasympathetic division

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12
Q

fxn of paraventricular nucleus

A

distinct groups of neurons that release neuropeptides

neurons that release arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, CRH
neurons that project to intermediolateral cell column of sp cord (T1-L12) to activate sympathetic pregang. neurons
neurons that project to brainstem

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13
Q

fxn of supraoptic nucleus

A

neurons that make AVP and oxytocin

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14
Q

components of middle (tuberal) region of middle zone of hypothalamus

A

dorsomedial nucleus
ventromedial nucleus
arcuate nucleus

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15
Q

fxn of dorsomedial nucleus

A

BP regulation

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16
Q

ventromedial nucleus

A

inhibits urge to eat when stimulated

17
Q

fxn of arcuate nucleus

A

projects to median eminence and portal vascul.
controls release of adenohypophyseal hormones

important role in feeding behavior

18
Q

components of posterior (mamillary) region of middle zone of hypothalamus

A

posterior nucleus

mammillary nucleus

19
Q

fxn of posterior nucleus

A

sense cold

20
Q

mammillary nucleus fxn

A

receive input from hippocampus via fornix
project to anterior nucleus of thalamus via mammillothalamic tract

damage has implications for memory fxn

21
Q

components of periventricular zone

A

periventricular nucleus

22
Q

major fiber tracts involving hypothalamus

A 
fornix
mammilothalamic tract
stria terminalis
medial forebrain bundle
supraopticohypophyseal tract
tuberinfundibular tract
hypothalamospinal tract
23
Q

fxn of fornix

A

relays tract from hippocampus to mammillary body of hypothalamus

24
Q

mammillothalamic tract

A

projects from mammillary bodies to anterior nucleus of thalamus (Papez circuit of limbic system)

25
Q

stria terminalis

A

path connecting amygdaloid complex with medial zone of hypothalamus

26
Q

medial forebrain bundle

A

extends through lateral hypothalamic zone, connecting regions from septal nuclei to brainstem

27
Q

tuberoinfundibular tract

A

fibers from arcuate nucleus to hypophyseal portain system at the median eminence of infundibulum

28
Q

supraopticohypophyseal tract

A

fibers from supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to neurohypophysis

29
Q

hypothalamospinal tract

A

descending axons that control sp cord preganglionic neurons of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

30
Q

major fxns of hypothalamus

A 
temp regulation
stress response
feeding and energy metabolism
BP, electrolyte control
reproductive fxns
31
Q

thermoregulation occurs how

A

pituitary gland-increase thyroid activity
cutaneous vessel diameter control
perspiration
shivering

32
Q

what is the satiety center?

A

nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem

33
Q

what kinds of signals does the arcuate nucleus send off ultimately towards to nucleus of solitary tract?

A

increasing satiety and decreasing satiety signals

34
Q

leptin’s role

A

leptin is a hormone made from fat

it stimulates POMC neurons and inhibits AgRP neurons, result is satiety

35
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

congenital tumor steming from remnants of Rathke’s pouch

supratentorial tumor

pressure on optic chiasm

pressure on hypothalamus–hypothalamic syndrome (adiposity, diabetes insipidus, poor temp regulation, somnolence)

36
Q

hypothalamic lesions that affect mammillary complex are associated with?

A

cannot make new memories

37
Q

Klein Levin Syndrome

A

hypothalamic lesion, adolescent males
compulsive eating
somnolence
hypersexuality

Neuroscience (7 decks)

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