ANS

Question 1

target organs of the ANS

Answer 1

cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands

Question 2

divisions of ANS

Answer 2

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

Question 3

exception for sympathetic system postganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 3

sweat glands and vasodilator fibers get acetylcholine

Question 4

cranial nerves contributing to parasympathetic division

Answer 4

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 5

4 routes for a sympathetic preganglionic neuron

Answer 5

synapse at postganglionic neuron in paravertebral chain ganglion

go up/down sympathetic trunk and synapse with postganglionic neuron at different level

pass through paravertebral ganglion to synapse on postganglionic neuron at a prevertebral ganglion

pass through paravertebral ganglion to the adrenal medulla

Question 6

where are white rami found?

Answer 6

T1-L2

Question 7

what is the brainstem nucleus for parasympathetic action of cranial nerve III?

Answer 7

edinger westphal nucleus

Question 8

what is the brainstem nucleus for parasympathetic action of CN VII?

Answer 8

superior salivatory

Question 9

what is the brainstem nucleus for parasympathetic action of CN IX?

Answer 9

inferior salivatory

Question 10

what is the brainstem nucleus for parasympathetic action of CN X?

Answer 10

dorsal motor nucleus

Question 11

what is the target of the postganglionic nerve for parasympathetic from the otic ganglion?

Answer 11

parotid gland

Question 12

What is the target of the postganglionic nerve for parasymp from the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 12

lacrimal gland

Question 13

what are the parasymp actions of CN VII?

Answer 13

lacrimal gland

submandibular and sublingual gland

Question 14

vasovagal syncope symptoms

Answer 14

muscle weakness
warm
nausea
sweating

Question 15

what causes vasovagal syncope

Answer 15

possibly:
peripheral pooling of blood in veins
or splanchnic pooling

–>causes brain to think there’s increased venous pressure –b/c it activates low pressure mechanoreceptors

result: withdraw sympathetics, increase vagal, so peripheral vasodilation and bradycardia

Question 16

baroreceptor reflex afferent limb

Answer 16

CN IX and CN X

Question 17

baroreceptor reflex CNS processing

Answer 17

nucleus solitarius

Question 18

efferent limb of baroreceptor reflex

Answer 18

axons of vagus nerve from neurons in dorsal motor nucleus for parasympathetic

for sympathetic: interomediolateral cell column of sp cord

Question 19

Horner’s syndrome symptoms

Answer 19

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis-cannot sweat normally
enophthalmos (bulging of eye)

Question 20

what causes Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 20

loss of sympathetic innervation (dilator pupillae, superior tarsal of Mueller smooth muscle, facial sweat glands)

Question 21

examples of causes of Horner’s syndrome

Answer 21

damage to the sympathetic trunk, or specifically superior cervical ganglion

damage to the hypothalamus-central problem

Wallenberg syndrome

Question 22

Wallenberg syndrome is

Answer 22

lateral medullar syndrome

Question 23

symptoms of wallenberg syndrome

Answer 23

Horner's syndrome
dysarthria
dysphagia
contralaterla loss of pain and temperature
ipsilateral loss of facial sensation

Question 24

spinal cord injury can cause what kind of response with regard to the sympathetic system?

Answer 24

sympathetic hyperreflexia (stimulus like an overfull bladder can activate sympathetic outflow)

Question 25

micturition controlled by what nerve fibers at the spinal cord?

Answer 25

S2-S4

Question 26

urinary-storage caused by?

Answer 26

interomediolateral cell column T11-L2–>lumbar splanchnic nerves–>internal urethral sphincter contraction

somatic motor S2-S4/pudendal nerve: external urethral sphincter contracted–storage

Question 27

Hirschprung’s disease

Answer 27

congenital lack of myenteric Auerbach’s plexus

so lack of peristalsis in denervated colon