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Pharmacology > Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones > Flashcards

Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Recombinant human GH

A

Somatropin

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2
Q

Indications for using recombinant human GH

A
  1. Replacement in GH deficiency
  2. Increased final adult height in children with certain conditions associated with short stature (e.g., Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome).
  3. Wasting in HIV infection
  4. Short bowel syndrome
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3
Q

Toxicities of recombinant human GH in children

A 
pseudotumor cerebri
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
progression of scoliosis
edema
hyperglycemia
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4
Q

Toxicities of recombinant human GH in adults

A

peripheral edema
myalgia
arthralgia

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5
Q

IGF-1 agonist

A

Mecasermin

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6
Q

What condition is mecasermin indicated for?

A

Replacement in IGF-1 deficiency that is not responsive to exogenous GH

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7
Q

Toxicities associated with mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia
intracranial hypertension
increased liver enzymes

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8
Q

Somatostatin receptor agonists

A

Octreotide, Lanreotide (long-acting formulation for acromegaly)

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9
Q

What is octreotide used for?

A
  1. Acromegaly and several other hormone-secreting tumors

2. Acute control of bleeding from esophageal varices

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10
Q

Toxicities related to octreotide

A

GI disturbances, gallstones, bradycardia, cardiac conduction anomalies

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11
Q

GH receptor antagonist

A

Pegvisomant

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12
Q

What is pegvisomant used for?

A

Acromegaly

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13
Q

Toxicities associated with pegvisomant

A

Increased liver enzymes

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14
Q

FSH agonists

A

Follitropin alfa and beta (recombinant FSH; differ in carbohydrate side chains only)
Urofollitropin (human FSH purified from the urine of postmenopausal women)

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15
Q

Extract of the urine of postmenopausal women that contains both FSH and LH activity

A

Menotropins

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16
Q

Clinical uses of FSH analogs (follitropin, urofollitropin, menotropin)

A
  1. In women: Controlled ovulation hyperstimulation

2. In men: Infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

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17
Q

Toxicities of follitropins

A
  1. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies in women
  2. Gynecomastia in men
  3. Headache, depression, edema in both sexes
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18
Q

What is hCG used as?

A

An LH receptor agonist (the structure of hCG is nearly identical to LH)

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19
Q

Recombinant LH

20
Q

Uses for LH analogs

A
  1. Initiation of ovulation during controlled ovulation hyper stimulation
  2. Women: Ovarian follicle development in women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  3. Male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
21
Q

Toxicities associated with LH analogs

A
  1. In women: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies
  2. In men: gynecomastia
  3. Both: headache, depression, edema
22
Q

GnRH receptor agonist

A

Leuprolide

23
Q

Clinical applications of leuprolide

A
  1. Ovarian suppression
  2. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
  3. Central precocious puberty
  4. Block of endogenous puberty in transgender early pubertal adolescents
  5. Advanced prostate cancer
24
Q

Toxicities associated with leuprolide

A

Headache, light-headedness, nausea, injection site reaction

*NB: with continuous treatment, symptoms of hypogonadism

25
Q

Gonadorelin

A

synthetic human GnRH

26
Q

Goserelin

A

GnRH analog

27
Q

Histrelin

A

GnRH analog

28
Q

Nafarelin

A

GnRH analog

29
Q

Triptorelin

A

GnRH analog

30
Q

GnRH receptor antagonist

31
Q

Similar to ganirelix, approved for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

A

Cetrorelix

32
Q

GnRH antagonist approved for advanced prostate cancer

33
Q

Clinical uses for Ganirelix

A

Prevention of premature LH surges during controlled ovulation hyperstimulation

34
Q

Side effects of Ganirelix

A

Nausea, headache

35
Q

D2 agonist used for hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson’s disease

A

Bromocriptine

36
Q

Toxicities associated with bromocriptine

A

GI disturbances, orthostatic hypotension, headache, psychiatric disturbances, vasospasm and pulmonary infiltrates at high doses

37
Q

Clinical uses of oxytocin

A

Induction and augmentation of labor

Control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery

38
Q

Toxicities of oxytocin

A

Fetal distress, placental abruption, uterine rupture, fluid retention, hypotension

39
Q

Oxytocin receptor antagonist

40
Q

Clinical use of atosiban

A

Tocolysis (prevention of preterm labor).

*NB: Atosiban is not FDA approved. Concerns about the rates of infant death.

41
Q

Agonist of vasopressin V2 receptors

A

Desmopressin

42
Q

Treatment of diabetes insipid us and sometimes used to control bleeding from esophageal varices

A

Vasopressin, acting through V1 receptors

43
Q

Clinical uses for desmopressin

A

pituitary (central) D.I.

Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease (extra renal V2-like receptors regulate the release of FVIII and vWF)

44
Q

Toxicities associated with desmopressin

A

GI disturbances, headache, hyponatremia, allergic reactions

45
Q

Vasopressin receptor antagonist at V1a and V2 receptors

A

Conivaptan

46
Q

Clinical use of conivaptan

A

Hyponatremia in hospitalized patients

47
Q

Toxicities associated with conivaptan

A

infusion site reactions

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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