Hypoparathyroidism

Question 1

Early stage

Answer 1

Reduced PTH = impaired calcium mobilisation from bones, decreased calcium reabsorption in kidneys
Calcium levels in blood decline, body tyres to compensate by increasing calcium absorption from diet

Question 2

Persistent hypocalcemia

Answer 2

Calcium levels drop below normal range = neuromuscular excitability
Phosphate levels rise = PTH is needed excrete it through kidneys
Bone remodelling is disrupted

Question 3

Chronic complications

Answer 3

Neuromuscular - low calcium = nerve excitability (muscle spasms)
Skeletal - bones become denser, structurally abnormal

Question 4

Systemic damage

Answer 4

Calcification in soft tissue - Brain, eyes, and vascular structures

Question 5

What is it?

Answer 5

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient production or action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the blood and bones. Its deficiency results in hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate levels), leading to neuromuscular and systemic complications.

Question 6

Essential vitamins and minerals

Answer 6

Calcium: Low PTH levels impair calcium regulation, leading to hypocalcemia.
Vitamin D: Crucial for improving calcium absorption when PTH is deficient.
Magnesium: Necessary for normal PTH secretion and activity.
Phosphorus: May increase in the blood due to lack of PTH, leading to an imbalance with calcium.