Hyperparathyroidism

Question 1

Early stage

Answer 1

Increased secretion of PTH - vitamin D deficiency or low calcium intake
Body’s calcium levels stay normal - body compensating
Bones, kidneys, intestines stimulated - conserve calcium to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Hypercalcemia

Answer 2

Overproduction of PTH causes calcium to be excessively released into bloodstream
Kidneys reduce calcium, increase phosphate excretion = Hypophosphatemia

Question 3

Advanced Bone and renal effects

Answer 3

Bone - Prolonged PTH = osteoporosis
Kidney - High calcium levels = nephroncalcinosis and recurrent kidney stones, can causes reduced renal function

Question 4

Systemic effects

Answer 4

Sustained - disrupts the functioning of various systems like neurological, gastrointestinal & cardiovascular

Question 5

What is it?

Answer 5

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more of the parathyroid glands. PTH regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood by acting on the bones, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Excess PTH leads to hypercalcemia (high blood calcium levels) and may result in various systemic complications.

Question 6

Essential vitamins and minerals

Answer 6

Calcium: PTH increases calcium release from bones, leading to high blood calcium but weakened bones.
Vitamin D: High PTH can impair vitamin D activation, reducing calcium absorption.
Phosphorus: Often reduced in hyperparathyroidism due to PTH-induced kidney excretion.
Magnesium: Essential for PTH secretion and function