Hyponatremia And Hypernatremia

Question 1

Normal sodium range in extracellular fluid is _____________.

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/L

Question 2

Hyponatremia occurs when sodium levels become lower than ____________.

Answer 2

135 mEq/L

Question 3

Hypernatremia occurs when sodium levels become more than ___________.

Answer 3

145 mEq/L

Question 4

The inability of the kidney to concentrate urine can cause ______________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia)

Answer 4

Hypernatremia. This condition is called Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Question 5

Central Diabetes insipidus can result in _______________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia)

Answer 5

hypernatremia

Question 6

If ADH is released in large quantities (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) this will lead to ______________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia)

Answer 6

hyponatremia

Question 7

A person with Adrenal Insufficiency will have ____________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) and _________________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 7

hyponatremia and hypochloremia

Question 8

A high level of mineralocorticoids in blood will cause ____________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) and _________________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 8

hypernatremia and hyperchloremia

Question 9

Excessive vomiting and diarrhea may lead to ____________ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) and _________________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 9

hyponatremia and hypochloremia

Question 10

Reduced blood flow to the kidneys can result in _____________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 10

hyperchloremia

Question 11

Diuretics may cause ____________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 11

hyponatremia

Question 12

Excessive sweating may cause ______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 12

hyponatremia

Question 13

Uncontrolled diabetes can cause _______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 13

hyponatremia

Question 14

Steroid therapy may lead to _______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 14

hypernatremia

Question 15

Taking NSAIDS might lead to ______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 15

hyponatremia

Question 16

Salt losing nephritis may cause _______________ (hypochloremia/hyperchloremia)

Answer 16

hypochloremia

Question 17

Heart failure may cause ______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 17

hyponatremia

Question 18

A man with excessive thirst, dry mouth, and poor skin turgor come to the outpatient department. When electrolytes are checked, it turns out he had ___________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 18

hypernatremia

Question 19

Thrombosis is a symptom of ______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 19

hypernatremia

Question 20

Intracranial hemorrhage is a symptom of _______________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 20

hypernatremia

Question 21

Apathy, weakness, lethargy, and seizures are symptoms of ____________ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

Answer 21

hyponatremia

Question 22

Tetany, muscle spasms, and hypoventilation are symptoms of _____________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 22

hypochloremia

Question 23

Lethargy, weakness and hyperventilation are symptoms of ______________ (hyperchloremia/hypochloremia)

Answer 23

hyperchloremia

Question 24

Hyperchloremia may lead to _____________ (metabolic acidosis/metabolic alkalosis)

Answer 24

metabolic acidosis; this may explain hyperventilation

Question 25

Hypochloremia may lead to ______________ (metabolic acidosis/metabolic alkalosis)

Answer 25

metabolic alkalosis; this may explain hypoventilation