Hypokinesia and Hyperkinesia Flashcards
where is degeneration seen with Huntington’s?
striatum and cerebral cortex
what can an OT do for Tourette’s?
stress management
what structure does the GPi act on?
thalamus
involuntary, jerky, rapid movements
chorea
with Parkinson’s, an excessively inhibited thalamus leads to what?
excessive inhibition of descending motor tracts by M1
when the putamen lacks dopamine, what can it not adequately regulate? (Parkinson’s)
globus pallidus internus
which disorders involve an abnormal accumulation of protein deposits in neurons?
progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia with Lewy bodies
what are examples of hypokinetic disorders?
Parkinson’s, Parkinson’s plus, Parkinsonism
what can an OT do for multiple system atrophy?
fall prevention, address postural hypotension, exercise program
what can an OT do for freezing of gait?
auditory cueing, visual targets
these symptoms indicate what disorder?: Early onset of gait instability (tendency to fall backward), Supranuclear gaze palsy, Unable to control gaze (vertical gaze affected first), Affects UMNs that synapse with cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem controlling eye movement, Rigidity, Freezing of gait, Depression, Psychosis, Rage attacks
progressive supranuclear palsy
type of dystonia: most common, limited to one part of body
focal dystonia
Spontaneous (sometimes uncontrollable) activities resulting from a lesion. Words such as “new”, “spontaneous” may be used (e.g., tremors, tics)
positive sign
Excessive inhibition of motor structures by the BG; negative signs
hypokinetic disorders
when the GPi isn’t adequately regulated by the putamen, what does it do? (Parkinson’s)
excessively inhibits motor structures
what can an OT do for dementia with Lewy bodies?
establish routines, eliminate distractions, provide familiar environment
side effect of drugs that treat psychosis or digestive problems (usually dopamine blockers)
drug-induced Parkinsonism
what can an OT do for Huntington’s?
adaptive equipment, environmental modification, alter routines
functional deficits/losses of fx resulting from a lesion. Words such as “reduced”, “diminished” or “lack of” may be used (e.g., memory loss, hemiparesis)
negative sign
what can an OT do for PSP?
fall prevention, visual adjustments for vertical gaze palsy
these symptoms indicate which disorder?: Chorea, Decreased executive functioning, Impulsivity, Sexually inappropriate behavior
Huntington’s
Disorders with signs that mimic Parkinson’s, but are toxic, infectious or traumatic in nature; also lesions to lentiform nucleus
Parkinsonism
what does the substantia nigra send to the putamen?
dopamine
when does dystonia increase?
during activity and emotional stress
what are the types of Parkinson’s?
akinetic/rigid, mixed, tremor-dominant
Inadequate inhibition of the motor structures by the BG; positive signs (generally)
hyperkinetic disorders
Parkinsonism disorder associated with: disordered thinking, executive dysfunction, disinhibition; Usually history of multiple incidents of head trauma, Decreased short term memory
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
With Huntington’s, the _______ provides too much inhibition to the GPi
putamen
these are red flags for what class of condition: early postural instability, rapid progression, respiratory dysfunction, abnormal postures, cerebellar or corticospinal dysfunction, voluntary gaze dysfunction?
Parkinson’s Plus syndromes
what can an OT do for dystonia?
pain reduction, ROM, mental practice, CIT, environmental modification
type of Parkinson’s: Muscular rigidity, Shuffling gait, Postural instability, Resting tremors (sometimes), Mask-like facial expression, Dementia, Decreased planning, executive function
akinetic/rigid
when there is lack of inhibition to the motor thalamus and PPN, what do you see?
excessive movement
Inadequate inhibition of PPN and M1/thalamus by the basal ganglia
hyperkinesia
what are 2 examples of Parkinsonism disorders?
drug-induced Parkinsonism, chronic traumatic encephalopathy
these symptoms indicate what disorder?: Motor signs indistinguishable from akinetic/rigid Parkinson’s; Early generalized cognitive decline, Confusion, Reduced attention, Memory loss, Visual hallucinations
dementia with Lewy bodies
when is dystonia absent?
during sleep
Excessive inhibition of PPN, midbrain locomotor region and M1/thalamus by the BG
hypokinesia
these symptoms indicate which disorder?: Akinetic/rigid motor symptoms, Corticospinal tract dysfunction, Cerebellar signs, Dysarthria, Truncal and gait ataxia, Autonomic dysfunction, Postural hypotension, Impotence, incontinence of bowel & bladder, Respiratory dysfunction, Decreased goal-oriented cognition, difficulty directing attention
multiple system atrophy
With Parkinson’s, where is the death of dopamine-producing neurons?
substantia nigra
what is the result when the GPi is too inhibited by the putamen? (Huntington’s)
inadequate inhibition of motor structures
when this structure is inadequately inhibited by Gpi, it leads to excessive activity in descending motor tracts by M1 (Huntington’s)
thalamus
with Huntington’s, decreased signals from BG nuclei leads to what?
lack of inhibition to motor thalamus and PPN
what are the 3 Parkinson’s Plus syndromes?
dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy
what are examples of hyperkinetic disorders?
Huntington’s, dystonia, Tourette’s
Involuntary, sustained muscle contraction causing abnormal postures or twisting, repetitive movements
dystonia
