Hypo and Hyperkalemia

Question 1

Potassium role in cell is__

Normal value 3.5-5

Answer 1

transmission of nerve, regulates the water balance and the acid-base balance in the blood and tissues

Question 2

Hyopkalemia

Answer 2

less than 3.5 mEq/L

Question 3

Actual K+ shortage

Answer 3

overuse of diuretics, corticosteroids
Increased secretion of aldosterone
NPO status

Question 4

Relative K+ deficits

Answer 4

H2O intoxication
hyperinsulinism
hyperalimentation
alkalosis

Question 5

s/s hypokalemia

Answer 5

lethargy
weak, fatigue
GI: nausea, vomiting, IIeus
Arrhythmias: tachy or brady
Thready pulse
shallow breaths
confused, drowsy
Alkalosis

Question 6

Nurse care

Answer 6

Monitor: 
I&O, 
breaths 
O2, 
cardiac rhythm
level of consciousness, bowel and abdomen,

Assess: muscle weakness, give K+ replacement
Fall risk

Question 7

Food or meds

Answer 7

K+ replacement: avocado, broccoli, dairy products, dry fruit, cantaloupe, juices, banana, leans meat,

Question 8

IV

Answer 8

Never IV Bolus
max rate 10 mEq/hr
Burn check phleitis

Question 9

hypokalemia complication

Answer 9

respiratory failure: ABC’s

Cardiac arrest: CPR/meds

Question 10

hyperkalemia

Answer 10

higher than 5<
inadequate kidney excretion
Increases risk for cardiac arrest

Question 11

M.A.C.H.I.N.E

Answer 11

M-medications (NSAIDS, ACE)
A-acidosis
C-Cellular destruction (burns)
H-Hyperaldosteronism, hemolysis
I-Intake-excessive
N-nephrons, renal failure
E-excretion, impaired

Question 12

s/s hyperkalemia

Answer 12

low BP
diarrhea
Dysrhythmias 
EKG changes
Muscle twitches, cramps, paresthesia

Question 13

Medications

Answer 13

Loop Diuretic:
furosemide

Cation Exchange Resin: kayexalate

For chronic hyperkalemia:
Patiromer