Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
1
Q
Difference between hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
A
- Hyperthyroidism occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the THYROID GLAND
- Thyrotoxicosis occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of ANY CAUSE, therefore includes hyperthyroidism
2
Q
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis
A
- Diarrhoea
- Weight loss
- Increased appetite
- Sweats + heat intolerance
- Palpitations
- Tremors
- Oligomenorrhoea +/- infertility
- Irritability
3
Q
Signs of thyrotoxicosis
A
- Fast irregular pulse (AF or SVT)
- Warm moist skin +thin hair
- Fine tremor + palmar erythema
- Lid lag + lid retraction + exophthalmos
- Goitre
4
Q
Investigations
A
- TFT’s (TSH low, T3+4 raised)
- ESR
- FBC
- Thyroid autoantibodies
5
Q
Causes of thyrotoxicosis
A
- Grave’s disease
- Toxic adenoma
- Ectopic thyroid tissue
6
Q
Describe Grave’s disease
A
- Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
- 9:1 women:men 40-60yrs
- IgG autoantibodies activate Thyrotropin receptors
- Causes smooth thyroid enlargement + raised hormone production (esp. T3)
7
Q
Triggers of Grave’s disease
A
- Stress
- Infection
- Childbirth
8
Q
What is grave’s disease associated with
A
Other autoimmune conditions
- Vitiligo
- Type 1 DM
- Addison’s disease
9
Q
Rx of thyrotoxicosis
A
- Propranolol (B-blocker) (rapid control of symptoms)
- Anti-thyroid medication, Carbimazole
- Radioiodine
- Thyroidectomy
10
Q
Complication of radioiodine Rx
A
Most become hypothyroid post-Rx
C.I. in pregnancy + lactation
11
Q
Complication of thyroidectomy
A
- Risk of damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve (hoarse voice)
- Hypothyroidism + hypoparathyroidism
12
Q
Complications of thyrotoxicosis
A
- Heart failure
- Angina
- AF
- Osteoporosis
- Gynaecomastia
