Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharma Cardio > Hypertension Treatment > Flashcards

Hypertension Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Which are first line drugs in hypertension

A

Thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thiazide dose conc

A

Thiazides should be used at low doses only because by increasing the dose, antihypertensive effect does not increase but adverse effects tend to increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indapamide req in what levels for hypertension

A

Lower than diuretic doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loop diuretics in hypertension

A

not indicated for mild to moderate hypertension because of the brisk diuresis leading to severe reduction in blood volume and electrolyte imbalance. However, these drugs are indicated in severe hypertension with CHF and renal dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indacrinone - used in

A

Hypertension with gout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics used

A

Only in combo with thiazide to prevent complications due to hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SYMPATHOPLEGICS are used in

A

This group of drugs is aimed at decreasing the activity of sympathetic system. Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanism of sympathoplegics

A

decrease central sympathetic outflow,
block the autonomic ganglia,
deplete the neurotransmitter store
block the adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Drugs Inhibiting Central Sympathetic Outflow

A

, α2 agonists and β1 antagonists can decrease the sympathetic activity and are useful for the treatment of hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of drugs acting on cns

A

Clonidine and α-methyl dopa act as α2 agonists in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abrupt discontinuation of clonidine therapy

A

rebound hypertension (treated by phentolamine);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Side effect of methyl dopa

A

Methyl dopa can cause hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are clonidine and methyl dopa safe in preg

A

Both of these drugs are safe in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preg which drug is preffered

A

Alpha meth dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Changes when alpha meth dopa is put in iv

A

Clonidine, if administered by i.v. route initially leads to rapid rise in blood pressure followed by prolonged fall. The initial rise is due to the activation of vascularpost-synaptic α2 receptors by high concentration
of clonidine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does moxonidine and rilmenidine work

A

moxonidine and rilmenidine are congeners of clonidine with longer half lives. These drugs are selective for imidazoline receptors
that modulate the central α2 receptor activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to sodium and water when central anti sympa is used

A

All of these drugs can result in sodium and water retention on prolonged use due to compensatory mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do we resensitize the central sympa drugs

A

Diuretics can be added to these agents to restore the sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ganglion blockers function

A

Inhibit nn type of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do side effect take place due to ganglion blockers

A

decreased transmission through parasympathetic ganglia is responsible for the adverse effects like urinary retention and dry mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of ganglion blockers

A

Hexamethonium, trimethaphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rilmenidine is an

A

Central sympa blocker

23
Q

Moxonidine is an example of

A

Central sympa blocker

24
Q

Antidotes for nicotine poisoning

A

Trimethaphan and hexamethonium

25
Q

Aortic dissection hypertensive emergency

A

Trimethaphan with nitroprusside

26
Q

Ganglion blocker used for smoking cessation

A

Mecamylamine

27
Q

Mecamylamine used for

A

Smoking cessation

28
Q

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers example

A

Reserpine bretylium and guanethidine

29
Q

Reserpine function

A

inhibits the vesicular uptake of neurotransmitters causing depletion of adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the synaptic vesicles.

30
Q

Reserpine side effect

A

Severe depression and suicidal tendencies

31
Q

Guanethidine and bretylium moa

A

Enters into the synaptic vesicle and displaces na

32
Q

Common side effects of adrenergic blockers

A

Postural hypotension

33
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists

A

Alpha 1 and beta blockers

34
Q

Examples of alpha non specific blockers

A

Phenoxybenzamine phentolamine tolazoline

35
Q

Use of phentolamine and tolazoline

A

Doc for emergency in clonidine withdrawal and cheese reaction

36
Q

Alpha 2 blocker examples

A

Prazosin doxazosin

37
Q

Prazosine and doxazosine will be used for treating patients with

A

hypertension and bph

38
Q

Combined alpha and beta blockers example

A

Labetalol and carvedilol

39
Q

Use of carvedilol

A

Antioxidant antimotogenic property helpful in chf snd pheochromocytoma hypertension

40
Q

Potassium channel opener example

A

Hydralazine minoxidil and diazoxide

41
Q

Hydralazine apart from k opening what other function does it have

A

Hydralazine in addition acts by releasing nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium

42
Q

Diazoxide use

A

Hypertensive emergency

43
Q

Hydralazine metabolized by

A

Acetylation hence sle chances

44
Q

Sle may be induced by which k opener

A

Hydralazine

45
Q

Minoxidil useful in patients with which condition

A

Chronic renal failure

46
Q

Minoxidil apart from hypertension is used for which other purpose

A

Hair growth in males

47
Q

Diazoxide apart from hypertension control is also used in which treatment

A

Hyperglycemia induction property of diazoxide is useful

In insulinoma treatment

48
Q

NO releasers example

A

Sodium Nitroprusside and hydralazine

49
Q

Ktroprusside moa

A

Double barrel

Stimulate both guanyl cyclase and no release in endothelium

50
Q

Nitroprusside is sensitive to

A

Light hence it must be freshly prepared

51
Q

Metabolism of nitroprusside yields

A

Cyanide

52
Q

Nitroprusside Indication in preg

A

CONTRAINDICATED

53
Q

Thyroid and nitroprusside

A

Causes hypothyroidism due to accumulation of thiocyanate

54
Q

Riociguat is a

A

Stimulator of guanyl cyclase and is used for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Pharma Cardio (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions