Hypertension/ Hypertensive Emergencies

Question 1

Causes of hypertension

Answer 1

Primary causes
— idiopathic causes
— atherosclerosis

Policystic kidney disease
Urinary tract
Lidle

Vascular causes
—

Neurogenic causes

Hormonal causes / Endocrine causes
— acromegaly
— hypothyroidism

Drugs
— NSAIDS
— erythropoietin is one of the drugs that can give you hypertension
—

— Pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 2

How do you diagnose hypertension?

Answer 2

Measuring the blood pressure

Question 3

Investigations

Answer 3

Chest X-ray
ECG
Cardiac throne
Liver function test

Question 4

Features of hypertension retinopathy

Question 5

Hypertension

Answer 5

1. Hypertension
   HPT is when the blood pressure of an adult is persistently higher than
   140/90 in a non diabetic and
   130/80 in a diabetic.

This BP is based on the average of 2 or more properly measured BP. Blood pressure in a non diabetic can be classified as follows:

Normal — <130/85 Or. 120 - 129/ 80- 84

Pre hypertension— 130-139/85 -89

Stage 1 HPT — 140-159/90-99

Stage 2 HPT — 160 / 100 and above

Isolated systolic hypertension is BP of more than or = 130 systolic and less than 80 diastolic

Isolated diastolic hypertension is BP of of systolic of less than 130 and diastolic more than or 🟰 80

White Coat hypertension having high BP in the hospital and when they are home their hypertension don’t meet the hypertension criteria

Masked hypertension when out of the hospital their BP readings are consistently elevated but when in the hospital it does not meet the diagnostic criteria for hypertension

Ambulatory blood pressure

Home blood pressure

Question 6

Hypertensive Urgency

Question 7

Hypertensive emergency