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Cardio 1228 > Hypertension (edited) > Flashcards

Hypertension (edited) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the most common SE caused by diuretics?

A

Increase urination

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2
Q

What’s the most common SE caused by ACE-I?

A

Cough

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3
Q

What’s the most common SE caused by CCB, esp if high doses are used?

A

Peripheral Edema

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4
Q

What’s classified as normal BP

A

< 120/80 mmHg

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5
Q

What’s pre-HTN or elevated BP?

A

120-129/<80

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6
Q

What’s stage 1 HTN according to classification of BP in adults according to JNC 7?

A

130-139/ OR 80-89

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7
Q

What’s stage 2 HTN according to classification of BP in adults according to JNC 7?

A

> = 140/ OR 90

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8
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with HF?

A

ACE-I, ARB, BB, Diuretic, Aldosterone antagonist

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9
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with S/P MI?

A

ACE-I, BB, Aldosterone antagonist

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10
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with High risk of CAD?

A

ACE-I, BB, Diuretic, CCB

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11
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with DM?

A

ACE-I, ARB, BB, Diuretic, CCB

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12
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with CKD?

A

ACE-I, ARB

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13
Q

What’s the compelling tx for HTN pt with recurrent stroke prevention?

A

ACE-I, Diuretic

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14
Q

Drugs that can cause/ worsen HTN?

A

ADHD
Amphetamines
Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine),
Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (Epogen)
Immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine)
NSAIDs
systemic steroids

Alcohol (excessive), Appetite suppressants
Caffeine, Estrogen, Herbals (bitter orange, ephedra (ma-huang), ginseng, Guarana, SJW), Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
Oncology drugs (Bevacizumab (Avastin), Sorafenib (Nexavar)), SNRIs (Duloxetine and Venlafaxine - at higher doses), Thyroid hormone (if given too much)
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15
Q

According to ACC/AHA whats the BP goal in general population?

A

< 130/80mmHg for everyone

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16
Q

According to ADA what’s BP goal for most diabetic pts?

A

< 140/90mmHg

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17
Q

What’s the recommended initiation drug for non-black pts?

A

Thiazides or ACE-I or ARB or CCB

Alone or in combo

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18
Q

What’s the recommended initiation drug for black pts?

A

Thiazides or CCB

Alone or in combo

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19
Q

What’s the recommended initiation for all ages, all RACES, with CKD present?

A

ACE-I or ARB
(to decrease progression to ESRD)
CKD= eGFR<60 and/or albuminuria (ur alb >=300 or alb:creat >=300)

also for any race diabetic w/albuminuria

Alone or in combo with other drug class

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20
Q

What’s defined as high risk in HTN pts?

A

DM w/albuminuria (give ACEi or ARB to all races)

CKD (give ACEi or ARB to all races)

Pt with baseline BP> 150/90 start 2 first line drugs

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21
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt WEIGHT that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Maintain normal BMI and waist circumference

1 kg weight loss can decrease BP 1 mmHg

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22
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt EATING that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Recommend DASH (dietary approaches to stop HTN) eating plan

Which is high in fruits and vegetables and recommended low-fat dairy products with reduced saturated and total fat

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23
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt SODIUM INTAKE that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Limit Na to < 1.5g (1500mg)

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24
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt PHYSICAL ACTIVITY that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Routine physical activity

Engage in regular aerobic physical activity such as brisk walking (at least 30 min per day, most days of the week)

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25
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt ALCOHOL consumption that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Women - 1 drink/day

Men - 2 drinks/day

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26
Q

Lifestyle modifications wrt SMOKING that should be encouraged in HTN?

A

Smoking cessation

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27
Q

What should be controlled in HTN pts to reduce cardiovascular dx risk?

A

Control BG and Lipids (cholesterol)

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28
Q

When’s Furosemide (loop diuretic) mostly used?

A

Heart failure

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29
Q

What may happen if Furosemide (loop) is used long-term? Supplement to use while on furosemide?

A

They can lower bone density

K supplements

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30
Q

Where do thiazides work on nephron?

A

Distal convoluted tubule of nephron (inhibit Na reabsorption)
= Na, Cl, H20, and K excretion

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31
Q

Where do loops work on nephron?

A

Ascending loop by blocking Na reabsorption

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32
Q

List agents under Thiazdes?

A

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

Chlorthalidone ONLY one IV

Hydrochlorothiaze (Microzide)

Indapamide

Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

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33
Q

What’s the brand name of Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic)?

A

Capsule - Microzide

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34
Q

What’s the point at which not much clinical benefit is seen in both Chlorthalidone and Hydrochlorothiaze (Microzide)?

A

> 25-50mg/ day

Though, max is 100mg/d

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35
Q

SEs of Thiazides?

A

Hypokalemia (can be avoided by regular intake of K rich foods)

Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia

Hyperuricemia (increase UA)

Elevated lipids (increase CH and TG)

Hyperglycemia

Hypercalcemia

Dizziness

Photosensitivity

Rash

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36
Q

Which Thiazide is effective in pts with reduced renal fxn?

A

Metolazone may work in decreased renal function or diuretic resistance

Other thiazides are NOT EFFECTIVE at CrCl<30

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37
Q

List loop diuretics agents (used mainly in HF)

A

Furosemide (LASIX) IV:PO 1:2

Bumetanide (Bumex) PO, IV

Torsemide (Demadex) PO, IV

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) PO, IV

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38
Q

What’s the brand name of Furosemide PO, IV (loop diuretics)?

A

Lasix

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39
Q

What’s the oral loop dose equivalency of Furosemide (Lasix)?

A

40mg

bumetanide 1
torsemide 20
furosemide 40
ethacrynic acid 50

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40
Q

What’s the oral loop dose equivalency of Bumetanide?

A

1mg

bumetanide 1
torsemide 20
furosemide 40
ethacrynic acid 50

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41
Q

What’s the oral loop dose equivalency of Torsemide (Demadex)?

A

20mg

bumetanide 1
torsemide 20
furosemide 40
ethacrynic acid 50

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42
Q

What’s the oral loop dose equivalency of Ethacrynic (Edecrin)?

A

50mg

bumetanide 1
torsemide 20
furosemide 40
ethacrynic acid 50

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43
Q

What’s the warning associated with loop diuretics?

A

Sulfa allergy

Doesn’t apply to Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

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44
Q

Which loop diuretics does the sulfa allergy not apply to?

A

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

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45
Q

SEs of loop diuretics?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Hypokalemia, reduced Na, Mg, Cl, Ca

Metabolic acidosis (inc. HCO3)

Hyperuricemia

Elevated lipids (increase TC and TG)

Hyperglycemia (inc BG)

Photosensitivity

Ototoxicity, including hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo
(ototoxicity risk highest with ethacrynic acid)

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46
Q

What’s the difference btw effect of Thiazide and loop on Ca?

A

Thiazide => hypercalcemia

Loop=> hypocalcemia

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47
Q

Which loop causes the most Ototoxicity?

A

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

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48
Q

List potassium-sparing diuretics

A

(K sparing = Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist-work on distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct)
Amiloride

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Spironolactone (Aldactone, CaroSpir suspension)

Eplerenone (Inspra)

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49
Q

What’s the brand name of Triamterene + HCTZ?

A

Maxzide

Maxzide-25

Dyazide

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50
Q

What’s the brand name of Eplerenone?

A

Inspra

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51
Q

CI to potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Renal impairment (CrCl < 30ml/min)

Hyperkalemia

Eplerenone concomitant use of strong 3A4 inhibitors

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52
Q

SEs to potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemia (Do not start if K> 5.5)

Increased serum creatinine

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53
Q

SEs unique to Spironolactone (Aldactone)?

A

Gynecomastia

Breast tenderness

Impotence

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54
Q

Monitoring of potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Check K before starting and frequently thereafter (NO start if K> 5.5)

BP

SCr/BUN

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55
Q

In what class of people is angioedema for the use RAAS inhibitors most common?

A

Black pts

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56
Q

T/F? If a person has had angioedema with any 1 of these agents, ACE-I, ARB or Aliskiren, then all others are CI?

A

T

Bcuz angioedema can get fatal very quickly

Counsel to report any swelling of lips, mouth, tongue, face or neck immediately

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57
Q

Are RAAS inh (ACE-I, ARB or Aliskiren) CI in pregnancy?

A

Yes

D/c drugs as soon as pregnancy is detected

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58
Q

List ACE-I agents

A

Benazepril (Lotensin)

Captopril (Capoten)

Enalapril, Enalaprilat IV injection (Vasotec)

Fosinopril

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestrin)

Moexipril

Perindopril (Aceon)

Quinapril (Accupril)

Ramipril (Altace)

Trandolapril (Mavik$

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59
Q

What’s the brand name of Benazepril (ACE-I)?

A

Lotensin

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60
Q

What’s the brand name of Enalapril, Enalaprilat IV injection (ACE-I)?

A

Vasotec

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61
Q

What’s the brand name of Lisinopril (ACE-I)?

A

Prinivil

Zestril

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62
Q

What’s the brand name of Quinapril (ACE-I)?

A

Accupril

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63
Q

What’s the brand name of Ramipril (ACE-I)?

A

Altace

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64
Q

How’s Captopril (Capoten) taken?

A

1 hr before meals

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65
Q

How’s Moexipril (Univasc) taken?

A

On an empty stomach

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66
Q

Black box warning of ACE-I/ ARB/ Aliskiren (direct renin inh)?

A

D/c as soon as pregnancy is detected

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67
Q

CI of ACE-I/ ARB?

A

Angioedema Hx
Use within 36 hrs of sacubitril/valsartan
Bilateral renal artery stenosis

NO concurrently with Aliskiren in pts WITH DM

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68
Q

In what grp of pts can’t ACE-I/ARB be used concurrently with Aliskiren?

A

Pts with DM

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69
Q

SEs of ACE-I/ ARB/ Aliskiren (direct renin inh)?

A

Cough

Hyperkalemia

Angioedema (d/c drug if it occurs)

Hypotension

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70
Q

Which SEs are specific to Captopril (Capoten) use - ACE-I?

A

Taste perversion

Rash

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71
Q

Monitoring of ACE-I/ ARB/ Aliskiren (direct renin inh)?

A

BP

K

Renal fxn

72
Q

Pregnancy cat of ACE-I/ ARB/ Aliskiren (direct renin inh)?

A

D

73
Q

List ARB agents

A

Valsartan (Diovan)

Losartan (Cozaar)

Irbesartan (Avapro)

Candesartan (Atacand)

Olmersartan (Benicar)

Telmisartan (Micardis)

Eprosartan (Teveten)

Azilsartan (Edarbi)

74
Q

What’s the brand name of Valsartan? ARB

A

Diovan

75
Q

What’s the brand name of Losartan? ARB

A

Cozaar

76
Q

What’s the brand name of Olmesartan? ARB

A

Benicar

77
Q

MOA of direct renin inhibitor?

A

Directly inhibits renin, which is responsible for conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin I, a potent vasoconstrictor, thereby reducing BP

78
Q

List agent under direct renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren (Tektuma)

79
Q

CI to Aliskiren (direct renin inh) use?

A

Don’t use concurrently with ACE-I or ARBS in pts with diabetes

Angioedema

Bilateral renal artery stenosis

80
Q

Effect of all RAAS inh on K?

A

All increase risk of HYPERkalemia

81
Q

Which BB indicated for HTN only?

A

Nebivolol

82
Q

BB with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?

A

-partially stimulate B receptors while blocking catecholamines (NE) = don’t decrease HR to same degree as non-ISA BB

NOT recommended in post-MI pts

Acebutolol

Penbutolol

Pindolol

83
Q

Place in therapy for BB with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) - APP?

A

Pts with excessive bradycardia who need BB therapy

Don’t reduce HR as much as other beta-blockers

NOT recommended in post-MI pts

84
Q

List Beta-1 selective agents

A

AMEBBA

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) & succinate (Toprol XL)

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

Bisoprolol

Betaxolol

Acebutolol

85
Q

Which BB has more CNS SEs? Why?

A

Propranolol

Has high lipid solubility (lipophilic) and crosses BBB=more CNS side effects BUT useful for other conditions (migraine prophylaxis, essential tremor)

86
Q

Which BB should be with food?

A

Carvedilol ALL FORMS

87
Q

Is Carvedilol CR same as Carvedilol IR?

A

CR is less bioavailable than IR NOT 1:1

88
Q

What’s the 1st line tx for HTN in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol

Nifedipine ER (Adalat, Procardia XL, Afeditab CR)

Methyldopa

89
Q

Whys Propranolol used in stage fright?

A

Can cover up sx of shakiness, palpitations and anxiety (with hyperglycemia)

Occurs mostly in non-selective bb

90
Q

List bb selective agents?

A

AMEBBA

Acebutolol (Sectral)

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Betaxolol

Bisoprolol (Zebeta)

Metoprolol tartate (Lopressor)

Metoprolol Succinate ext-release (Toprol XL)

91
Q

What’s the brand name of Atenolol? (Beta1-selective blockers)?

A

Tenormin

92
Q

What’s the brand name of Metoprolol tartrate? (Beta1-selective blockers)?

A

Lopressor

93
Q

What’s the brand name of Metoprolol succinate ext-release? (Beta1-selective blockers)?

A

Toprol XL

94
Q

Most common SE of Beta1-selective blockers?

A

Reduced HR

Hypotension

Fatigue

Dizziness

95
Q

Monitoring of Beta1-selective blockers?

A

HR

BP

96
Q

How should bb be stopped?

A

Must taper

97
Q

Which metoprolol is taken with food?

A

Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)

98
Q

Are IV doses of Beta1-selective blockers equivalent to PO doses?

A

No

99
Q

Which bb is both B-1 selective blocker and Nitric Oxide-Dependent vasodilation?

A

Nebivolol (Bystolic)

100
Q

What’s the brand name of Nebivolol? (B-1 selective blocker and Nitric Oxide-Dependent vasodilation)

A

Bystolic

NO causes peripheral vasodilation

101
Q

SEs of Nebivolol (Bystolic)? (B-1 selective blocker and Nitric Oxide-Dependent vasodilation)

A

Nausea
Diarrhea
Increase TG
Decrease HDL

102
Q

List non-selective bb (B1 & B2)

A

Nadolol (Corgard)

Pindolol

Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL)

Timolol

103
Q

What’s the brand name of Propranolol? (Non-selective bb)

A

Inderal LA

InnoPran XL

104
Q

List bb that are non-selective beta-blocker and alpha 1 blocker

A

Carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR)

Labetalol

105
Q

Brand name of Carvedilol (non-selective alpha- and beta-blocker)?

A

Coreg

Coreg CR

106
Q

How should all forms of Carvedilol be taken?

A

With food

107
Q

Types of CCBs?

A

Dihydropyridines

Non-dihydropyridines

108
Q

Where does dihydropyridine work?

A

Periphery

109
Q

List dihydropyridine CCBs

A 
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Felodipine 
Isradipine 
Nisoldipine ER
Nicardipine IR TID, ER BID, IV (Cardene)
clevidipine (Cleviprex)
nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
110
Q

Brand name of Amlodipine (dihydropyridine CCBs)?

A

Norvasc

111
Q

Brand name of Nifedipine ER (dihydropyridine CCBs)?

A

Adalat CC

Procardia XL

Afeditab CR

112
Q

Brand name of Nicardipine IV (dihydropyridine CCBs)?

A

Cardene

113
Q

SEs of Dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Peripheral edema

Headache

Flushing

Tachycardia/reflex

Gingival hyperplasia

114
Q

Monitoring of Dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Peripheral edema

115
Q

Which Dihydropyridine CCBs is used in inpatient acute care?

A

Clevidipine (Cleviprex)

116
Q

Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Inhibit Ca2+ ions smooth muscle and myocardium, but more selective for myocardium than DHP CCB.

decrease BP by negative inotropic effect (less ventricular contraction force)

and decrease HR by negative chronotopic effect

117
Q

List Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs agents

A

Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac)

Verapamil (Calan, Verelan)

118
Q

SEs of Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Edema

Headache

Bradycardia

Hypotension

Arrhythmias

worsen HF symptoms

Constipation (more verapamil)

Gingival hyperplasia

119
Q

Uses of Clonidine?

A

Most commonly used for resistant HTN and in pts who can’t swallow

120
Q

List agents under Centrally-Acting Alpha2 Agonist

A

Clonidine (Catapres; Catapres-TTS patch) Kapvay-ADHD

Guanfacine IR(Tenex)….ER (Intuniv-used for ADHD)

Methyldopa

121
Q

Brand name of Clonidine (Centrally-Acting Alpha2 Agonist)?

A

Catapres

Catapres-TTS patch

Kapvay-ADHD

122
Q

SEs of Centrally-Acting Alpha2 Agonist?

A

Dry mouth, somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, constipation, decrease HR (brady), hypotension

headache

Depression

Psychotic rxns-behavioral changes

Nasal stuffiness

Sexual dysfxn

123
Q

How often is Clonidine patch (Catapress-TTS) applied?

A

Weekly-on hairless area of upper outer arm or chest

124
Q

List direct vasodilators agents

A

(vasodilator arterioles with little effect on veins= decrease SVR therefore decrease BP)
Hydralazine

Minoxidil

125
Q

SEs of direct vasodilators (Hydralazine and Minoxidil)?

A

Warning: DILE (dose &duration related)

Headache
Reflex tachycardia
Palpitations

minoxidil box (potent antihypertensive)

126
Q

List alpha blockers agents

A

Not recommended for HTN but may be used in men with HTN and BPH
block a1 receptors on arterioles & veins= peripheral vasodilation

Prazosin (Minipress)

Terazosin (Hytrin)

Doxazosin (Cardura, Cardura XL)

127
Q

What’s the brand name of Terazosin (Alpha blockers)?

A

Hytrin

128
Q

What’s the brand name of Doxazosin (Alpha blockers)?

A

Cardura

Cardura XL

129
Q

What’s the brand name of Amlodipine + Benazepril? Classes?

A

Lotrel

ACE-I and CCB

130
Q

What’s the brand name of Lisinopril + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Prinzide

Zestoretic

ACE-I and Diuretic

131
Q

What’s the brand name of Losartan + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Hyzaar

ARB and diuretic

132
Q

What’s the brand name of Valsartan + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Diovan HCT

ARB and diuretic

133
Q

What’s the brand name of Olmesartan + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Benicar

ARB and diuretic

134
Q

What’s the brand name of Bisoprolol + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Ziac

BB and diuretic

135
Q

What’s the brand name of Triamterene + HCTZ? Classes?

A

Dyazide, Maxzide

Diuretic and diuretic

136
Q

What’s HTN urgency?

A

BP (gen >= 180/120) w/o acute target organ damage

137
Q

Tx of HTN urgency?

A

Oral med with onset of action of 15-30 mins

Reduce BP gradually over 24-48 hr

138
Q

What’s HTN emergency?

A

BP (gen >= 180/110-120) + acute target organ damage (such as encephalopathy, MI, unstable angina, pulmonary edema, eclampsia, stroke, aortic dissection)

139
Q

Tx of HTN emergency?

A

Reduce MAP by no more than 25% (within 1 hr)

If stable, to 160/100mmHg within the next 2-6 hrs

Use IV meds

140
Q

List drugs used in HTN urgencies

A

short onset of action
Captopril (Capoten)

Clonidine (Catapres)

Labetalol (Trandate)

141
Q

What’s the dose of Captopril (Capoten) and SEs used in HTN urgencies?

A

Captopril (Capoten) 25mg, repeat in 1-2 hrs PRN

Hypotension, high K, angioedema

142
Q

What’s the dose of Clonidine (Catapres) and SEs used in HTN urgencies?

A

Clonidine (Catapres) 0.1-0.2mg, repeat in 1-2 hrs PRN

Hypotension, drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth etc

143
Q

What’s the dose of Labetalol (Trandate) and SEs used in HTN urgencies?

A

Labetalol (Trandate) 100-400mg, repeat in 2-3 hrs PRN

Hypotension, heart block, bronchoconstriction

144
Q

Drugs used in HTN emergencies?

A 
chlorothiazide
Clevidipine (Cleviprex) - DHP-CCB
diltiazem
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) - Arteriole &amp;Venous VD
hydralazine
Nicardipine (Cardene) - DHP-CCB
metoprolol tartrate
NTG - venous vasodilator
propanolol
Enalaprilat (Vasotec IV) - ACE-I
verapamil
Hydralazine - Arteriole vasodilator

Labetalol (Trandate) - Alpha&beta blocker

Esmolol (Brevibloc) - bb

145
Q

What’s in the drug Exforge?

A

Amlodipine + Valsartan

146
Q

What BP med is C/I with Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexalate)? Why?

A

ACE-I, ARBs and DRI

These meds increase potassium (cause hyperkalemia)… SPS (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia

147
Q

MOA of Clonidine?

A

Alpha-2 AGONIST => reduces norepinephrine release=decrease SNS stimulation=decrease SVR and decrease HR

also the MOA for methyldopa and Guanfacine

148
Q

List BP meds not used with grapefruit/ grapefruit juice?

A 
all CCB
Cardizem LA (Diltazem)

Calan SR (Verapamil)

Dilt-XR (Diltazem hydrochloride extended release)

149
Q

SE of Clonidine?

A

Can worsen Constipation, Depression, Fatigue

150
Q

Effect of Diltazem and Verapamil on hepatic metabolism of other drugs?

A

CYP 3A4 inhibitor

151
Q

How should BP be lowered in HTN emergency?

A

10-15% in next hr

152
Q

What’s the unique SE of Olmesartan?

A

Sprue-like enteropathy

153
Q

Which SE is unique to Verapamil?

A

Constipation

154
Q

Is cough a common SE of ARBs?

A

No!

Cough is ACE-I

155
Q

What makes up Lotrel?

A

Amlodipine and Benazepril

156
Q

What makes up Exforge?

A

Amlodipine and Valsartan

157
Q

What makes up Lotensin HCT?

A

Benazepril and HCTZ

158
Q

What makes up Prinzide (also called Zestoretic)?

A

Lisinopril and HCTZ

159
Q

What makes up Hyzaar?

A

Losartan and HCTZ

160
Q

What makes up Micardis HCT?

A

Telmisartan and HCTZ

161
Q

What makes up Diovan HCT?

A

Valsartan and HCTZ

162
Q

What makes up Benicar HCT?

A

Olmesartan and HCTZ

163
Q

What makes up Ziac?

A

Bisoprolol and HCTZ

164
Q

What makes up Dyazide (also called Maxzide)?

A

Triamterene and HCTZ

165
Q

What’s the conversion of Carvedilol IR to Carvedilol CR?

A

3.125mg BID (Coreg) = 10mg daily (Coreg CR)

166
Q

Which BP med is considered safe in pregnancy?

A

HCTZ

167
Q

What BP med is the drug of choice for HTN patient with aortic dissection?

A

Beta-blocker

168
Q

What’s the most common SE caused by BB?

A

Fatigue (and sometimes sexual problems)

169
Q

Clevedipine kcal

A

clevedipine (Cleviprex) is a DHP CCB lipid emulsion with milky white color provides 2 kcal/mL

Must be used within 12 hours of vial puncture

170
Q

Thiazides and lithium

A

thiazides decrease lithium clearance

=increase lithium toxicity risk

171
Q

BB are first line for which conditions

A

post-MI
stable ischemic heart disease
HF- bisprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate

172
Q

BB warnings (ALL)

A

Box: Don’t abruptly D/C Must Taper
Caution w/ diabetes: Can MASK hyper/hypo glycemia
Caution is asthma/COPD

BB can decrease insulin secretion which can cause hyperglycemia

173
Q

non-selective BB w/a-1 activity warning

A

floppy iris

174
Q

metoprolol tartrate IV:PO

A

(Lopressor)
IV:PO
1: 2.5

175
Q

both metoprolols should be taken

A

with or immediately following food

176
Q

unique to methyldopa

A

CI: use w/MAOi
hemolytic anemia risk, DILE
drug of choice for HTN in pregnancy

177
Q

natural products

A 
fish oil
coQ10
garlic
L-arginine 
have some evidence for decreasing BP and overall cardiovascular risk though not guideline recommended

Cardio 1228 (17 decks)

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