Hypertension drugs

Question 1

chlorothiazide

Answer 1

Thiazide Diuretic
Block NaCl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
Effect reduced by NSAIDs
Adverse: decreased uric acid –> gout, decreased Ca excretion –> good for menopausal women
Cross react with sulfonamides

Question 2

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 2

Thiazide Diuretic
Block NaCl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
Effect reduced by NSAIDs
Adverse: hypokalemia, decreased uric acid –> gout, decreased Ca excretion –> good for menopausal women
Cross react with sulfonamides

Question 3

furosemide

Answer 3

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

Question 4

bemetanide

Answer 4

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

Question 5

torsemide

Answer 5

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

Question 6

spirinolactone

Answer 6

Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Diuretic
K+ sparing
block Na and H20 reabsoprtion
Adverse - hyperkalemia

Question 7

eplerenone

Answer 7

Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Diuretic 
K+ sparing
More selective
block Na and H20 reabsoprtion
Adverse - hyperkalemia

Question 8

triamterene

Answer 8

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

Question 9

triamterene

Answer 9

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

Question 10

amiloride

Answer 10

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

Question 11

captopril

Answer 11

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor) 
block conversion of antiogensin I to II, elevate Bradykinin levels, decrease TPR, decresae aldosterone --> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin

Question 12

captopril

Answer 12

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 13

enalapril

Answer 13

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 14

lisinopril

Answer 14

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 15

fosinopril

Answer 15

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 16

captopril

Answer 16

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 17

enalapril

Answer 17

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 18

lisinopril

Answer 18

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 19

fosinopril

Answer 19

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

Question 20

losartan

Answer 20

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema

Question 21

losartan

Answer 21

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

Question 22

valsartan

Answer 22

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

Question 23

candesartan

Answer 23

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

Question 24

irbesartan

Answer 24

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

Question 25

aliskiren

Answer 25

Renin Inhibitor direct, competitive inhibitor increase plasma renin

Question 26

varapamil

Answer 26

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Cardioselective negative chronotropic ---> decrease HR and contractility use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 27

diltiazem

Answer 27

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Cardioselective negative chronotropic ---> decrease HR and contractility use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 28

nifedipine

Answer 28

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Vascular smooth muscle selective hydropurine decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 29

nifedipine

Answer 29

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Vascular smooth muscle selective hydropurine decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 30

nicardipine

Answer 30

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Vascular smooth muscle selective hydropurine decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 31

amlodipine

Answer 31

``` Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) Vascular smooth muscle selective hydropurine decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR use for old ppl and afrincan americans Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema ```

Question 32

hydralazine

Answer 32

Vasodilator Mechanism unclear decreases intracellular Ca, preferential arteriole action, decrease HR, decrease contractility Adverse: headache, anorexia, dizzy, sweaty, increased renin and fluid retention, Lupus

Question 33

hydralazine

Answer 33

Vasodilator Mechanism unclear decreases intracellular Ca, preferential arteriole action, decrease HR, decrease contractility Adverse: headache, anorexia, dizzy, sweaty, increased renin and fluid retention, Lupus

Question 34

minoxidil

Answer 34

Vasodilator Activates K+ channels, VSM relax Increase: HR, contractility, renin secretion, fluid retention preferential arteriole action,

Question 35

nitroprusside

Answer 35

Vasodilator Used in surgery and emergency generates NO-->increase cGMP Adverse: cyanide accumulation so risk renal tox

Question 36

nitroglycerin

Answer 36

``` Vasodilator generate NO--> increase cGMP surgery and emergency use short duration of action, tolerance buildup side effect- head ache preferential effect on Veins ```

Question 37

epoprostenol

Answer 37

``` Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Derivative of prostacyclin (PGI2) direct action via cAMP counteracts thromboxane A2 must be administered continuosly cuz short half life ```

Question 38

epoprostenol

Answer 38

``` Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Derivative of prostacyclin (PGI2) direct action via cAMP counteracts thromboxane A2 must be administered continuosly cuz short half life ```

Question 39

bosentan

Answer 39

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs) Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

Question 40

bosentan

Answer 40

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs) Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

Question 41

ambrisentan

Answer 41

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs) Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

Question 42

riociguat

Answer 42

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension Direct stimulant of cGMP Adverse: teratogenic, headache, dizzy, nausea, diarrhea