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MOHD3: Exam 2 > Hypertension drugs > Flashcards

Hypertension drugs Flashcards

1
Q

chlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic
Block NaCl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
Effect reduced by NSAIDs
Adverse: decreased uric acid –> gout, decreased Ca excretion –> good for menopausal women
Cross react with sulfonamides

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2
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic
Block NaCl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
Effect reduced by NSAIDs
Adverse: hypokalemia, decreased uric acid –> gout, decreased Ca excretion –> good for menopausal women
Cross react with sulfonamides

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3
Q

furosemide

A

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

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4
Q

bemetanide

A

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

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5
Q

torsemide

A

High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretic
Block NaK2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Use in ppl with edema but not as effective as thiazides
Adverse: increase Ca excretion, else like thiazides.

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6
Q

spirinolactone

A

Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Diuretic
K+ sparing
block Na and H20 reabsoprtion
Adverse - hyperkalemia

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7
Q

eplerenone

A 
Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Diuretic 
K+ sparing
More selective
block Na and H20 reabsoprtion
Adverse - hyperkalemia
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8
Q

triamterene

A

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

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9
Q

triamterene

A

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

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10
Q

amiloride

A

Na+ Channel Blocker Duiretic
K+ sparing
late distal tublule and collecting duct
adverse: hyperkalemia

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11
Q

captopril

A 
ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor) 
block conversion of antiogensin I to II, elevate Bradykinin levels, decrease TPR, decresae aldosterone --> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
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12
Q

captopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

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13
Q

enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

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14
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

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15
Q

fosinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

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16
Q

captopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

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17
Q

enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

18
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

19
Q

fosinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)
Block conversion of antiogensin I to II
Elevate Bradykinin levels
Decrease TPR, decrease aldosterone –> increase Na+ and H20 excretion, increase plasma renin
Adverse: Dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal toxicity

20
Q

losartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema

21
Q

losartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

22
Q

valsartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

23
Q

candesartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

24
Q

irbesartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (a Renin Angiotensin System inhibitor)

AT1 receptor antagonist
vasolidation and increased Na and H20 excretion
decreased plasma volume
Adverse: Less cough and angioedema else like ACE-Is

25
Q

aliskiren

A

Renin Inhibitor
direct, competitive inhibitor
increase plasma renin

26
Q

varapamil

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Cardioselective
negative chronotropic ---> decrease HR and contractility 
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
27
Q

diltiazem

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Cardioselective
negative chronotropic ---> decrease HR and contractility 
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
28
Q

nifedipine

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Vascular smooth muscle selective
hydropurine 
decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
29
Q

nifedipine

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Vascular smooth muscle selective
hydropurine 
decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
30
Q

nicardipine

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Vascular smooth muscle selective
hydropurine 
decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
31
Q

amlodipine

A 
Ca2+ Channel Blocker (CCB) 
Vascular smooth muscle selective
hydropurine 
decrease TPR, decrease MAP and increase sympathetics and HR
use for old ppl and afrincan americans 
Contraindicated in HF cuz of edema
32
Q

hydralazine

A

Vasodilator
Mechanism unclear
decreases intracellular Ca, preferential arteriole action, decrease HR, decrease contractility
Adverse: headache, anorexia, dizzy, sweaty, increased renin and fluid retention, Lupus

33
Q

hydralazine

A

Vasodilator
Mechanism unclear
decreases intracellular Ca, preferential arteriole action, decrease HR, decrease contractility
Adverse: headache, anorexia, dizzy, sweaty, increased renin and fluid retention, Lupus

34
Q

minoxidil

A

Vasodilator
Activates K+ channels, VSM relax
Increase: HR, contractility, renin secretion, fluid retention
preferential arteriole action,

35
Q

nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator
Used in surgery and emergency
generates NO–>increase cGMP
Adverse: cyanide accumulation so risk renal tox

36
Q

nitroglycerin

A 
Vasodilator
generate NO--> increase cGMP
surgery and emergency use
short duration of action, tolerance buildup
side effect- head ache
preferential effect on Veins
37
Q

epoprostenol

A 
Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Derivative of prostacyclin (PGI2)
direct action via cAMP
counteracts thromboxane A2
must be administered continuosly cuz short half life
38
Q

epoprostenol

A 
Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Derivative of prostacyclin (PGI2)
direct action via cAMP
counteracts thromboxane A2
must be administered continuosly cuz short half life
39
Q

bosentan

A

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs)
Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

40
Q

bosentan

A

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs)
Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

41
Q

ambrisentan

A

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Endothelin Receptor Blocker (lots of ET receptors in lungs)
Adverse: teratogenic, edema, headache, spermtogenesis inhibition, hepatic effects, increased risk of infection

42
Q

riociguat

A

Vasodilator for Pulmonary Hypertension
Direct stimulant of cGMP
Adverse: teratogenic, headache, dizzy, nausea, diarrhea

MOHD3: Exam 2 (6 decks)

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