Hypertension Drugs

Question 0

Furosemide/ lasix

Answer 0

Loop diuretic
Potassium wasting
Inhibits Na & Cl reabsorption in loop of henle
For HTN, acute & chronic edema, HYPERCALCEMIA- preferred tx in renal dz pts(improved glomerular flow) & emergent cases
May potentiate orthostatic hypotension
20, 40, 80mg tabs- 20-320 mg/d in 2-3 doses
Take with K supplementation

Question 1

Hydrochlorthiazide(HCTZ)/ hydrodiuril

Answer 1

Thiazide diuretic
Potassium wasting
Inhibits reabsorption of Na & Cl in ascending limb & distal tubule
For HTN, chronic edema, hypocalcemia 
12.5mg caps- take 12.5-25 mg 1x/day

Question 2

Spironolactone/ aldactone

Answer 2

Diuretic- Potassium sparing
Inhibits Na & Cl reabsorption while promoting K reabsorption at distal tubule
direct antagonist of aldosterone- which causes sodium retention
For HTN, chronic edema, hypercalcemia in pts with renal dz, tx of hyperaldosteronism
Risk of hyperkalemia- avoid K supplementation, ACE inhibitors & ARBs

Question 3

Propranolol/ inderal

Answer 3

Non-selective beta blocker (B1 & B2)
Adrenergic block at beta receptors- dec HR & myocardial demand
For HTN, acute MI, tachyarrhytmias, panic attacks, prophylaxis of migraine HA, essential tremors
Potential orthostatic hypotension- esp with alcohol use
10,20,40,60,80mg tabs- 40-240mg in 2 doses
Reversed by glucagon

Question 4

Atenolol/ tenormin

Answer 4

B1 blocker- cardio selective
Adrenergic block of b1 receptors
For HTN, angina, acute MI, tachyarrhytmias- for hemodynamically stable pts
Potential for orthostatic hypotension - esp with alcohol use
Peaks after 2-4 hrs of ingestion
25,50,100mg tabs- 25-100mg in 1-2 doses, cardio selective properties not as absolute in higher doses
Reversed by glucagon

Question 5

Prazosin/ minipress

Answer 5

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
For HTN & BPH(α-1 receptor sight at SM of prostate)
Vasodialation relaxes tone in hue he neck of the bladder
May cause dizziness, HA, orthostatic hypotension impotency

Question 6

Verapamil/ isopten

Answer 6

Ca channel blocker
Blocks Ca influx with resultant peripheral vasodialation and improved myocardial tone
Peripheral vasodialation reduces pre and after load
My cause Flushing, HA, hypotension, increased risk for bradycardia- less risk for rebound hypertension than alpha or beta blockers
120,180,240mg tabs- 120-489mg in 1-2 doses

Question 7

Lisinopril/ prinivil, zestril

Answer 7

ACE inhibitor
Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II = dec peripherial constriction
For HTN, post MI(improves morbidity & mortality)
May cause DRY COUGH, angioedema, potential hyperkalemia
CATEGORY X
2.5,5,10,20,30,40mg tabs- 5-40mg in 1 dose
Often used with k wasting diruretics
A

Question 8

Losartan/ cozar

Answer 8

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Blocks the effect of angiotensin II, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction
For HTN, DM nephropathy w/proteinuria
CATEGORY X
May cause hypotension, hypercalcemia, persistent dry cough, angioedema
Often used with K wasting diuretic

Question 9

Minoxidil/ loniten

Answer 9

Direct vasodialtors
Opens K channels in vascular SM to cause arterial dialation
For severe HTN, androgenic hairloss
May cause marked Na & H2O retention, hirsutism

Question 10

Hydralazine/ apresoline

Answer 10

Direct vasodialator
Opens K channels in vascular SM to cause arterial dialation
For severe resistant HTN
Elicits reflex stimulation of the heart(baroreceptors)- inc HR & CO, angina or MI in CAD pts
Usually dosed with beta blocker & diruetic
May cause drug induced lupus

Question 11

ACE inhibitors

Answer 11

End in -pril
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(in lung)
Vasodilator
Suppresses synthesis of angiotensin II(a vasoconstrictor).
Supresses aldosterone= natriuresis
Potentiates other vasodilators
Improve glomerular flow- give to diabetic pts to delay nephropathy

Question 12

Loop diruetics

Answer 12

Furosemide/ lasix
Work on the loop of henle
Not good for renal failure,but good for renal dz- improved glomerular flow
May cause electrolyte abN

Question 13

Thiazide diruetics

Answer 13

HCTZ work on cortical thick ascending limb- inhibit Na & Cl reabsorption
May increase serum calcium and uric acid levels
Potential side effects: hypotension, weakness,dizziness, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia,
hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Question 14

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Answer 14

ACE inhibitors
End in -pril
Potential for hyperkalemia