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Pharmacology and Therapeutics > Hypertension - Core Drugs > Flashcards

Hypertension - Core Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

List drug classes for treating hypertension.

A

ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, thiazide or thiazide like diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers

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2
Q

Give examples of ACE inhibitors.

A

ramipril
lisinopril
perindopril

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3
Q

List examples of calcium channel blockers.

A

amlodipine

felodipine

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4
Q

Give an example of a thiazide.

A

Bendro-flumethiazide

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5
Q

Give an example of a thiazide-like diuretic.

A

Indapamide

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6
Q

Give examples of angiotensin receptor blockers.

A

losartan
irbesartan
candesartan

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7
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitor.

A

prevents conversion from angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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8
Q

What are the main side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, foetal injury, renal failure (in those w/ renal artery stenosis), urticaria/angioedema

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9
Q

Most ACE inhibitors are pro-drugs. What has to occur for them to have therapeutic effects?

A

hepatic activation to generate the active metabolites

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10
Q

When prescribing ACE inhibitors, what has to be continuously monitored?

A

K+

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

A

decrease in calcium influx > inhibit myosin light chain kinase > prevention of cross-bridge formation > vasodilation > reduce peripheral resistance

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12
Q

What is the drug target for calcium channel blockers?

A

L type calcium channel blockers predominantly on vascular smooth muscle

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13
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Ankle oedema
Constipation
Palpitations
Flushing/Headaches

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14
Q

Name the other type of calcium channel blocker that has a higher degree of selectivity.

A

dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

What is the drug target of thiazides (like diuretics)?

A

sodium/chloride co transporter

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16
Q

Side effects of thiazide (like diuretics)

A

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis (increased hydrogen ion excretion), hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia (hyperpolarised pancreatic beta cells)., hyperuricemia

17
Q

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics both lose their diuretic effects how long after treatment?

A

within 1-2 weeks

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

non-competitive antagonists at AT1 receptor (found on kidneys and on the vasculature)

19
Q

Side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers

A

Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, foetal injury, renal failure (in patients with renal artery stenosis)

Pharmacology and Therapeutics (16 decks)

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