Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular Medicine > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood pressure of a patient who has hypertension

A

Systolic >140mmHg

Diastolic >90mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are ambulatory devices useful when measuring blood pressure

A

Allows you to see how blood pressure changes in a range of different settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is MAP sometimes more helpful than systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

Systolic and diastolic constantly changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the known risk factors of hypertension

A 
Age
Race
Obesity
Alcohol
Family history
Pregnancy
Stress
Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the categories of drugs that are risk factors of hypertension

A

Non steroidal
Corticosteroids
Oral contraceptives
Sympathomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main causes of hypertension

A

Environments eg - stress, obesity, age
Genes
Gene/environment interactions eg - age, gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can treating hypertension affect coronary heart disease

A

Reversing high blood pressure will not reverse the atherosclerosis which has built up in the patient for likely a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does hypertension relate to the risk of MI

A

Risk of MI from high blood pressure is related to the duration of the hypertension and not directly the pressure itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How will treating hypertension affect CVA (stroke)

A

Ideal treatment for stroke as it is directly related to pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the outcome of hypertension

A

Accelerated atherosclerosis which can lead to MI, stroke, PVD and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What effect does renal failure have on hypertension

A

Makes hypertension worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are common triggers of hypertension

A

None usually found

Likely genetic failure of auto regulation control of blood vessel wall constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is essential hypertension

A

When no signs or symptoms are found but a patient has hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are rare triggers of hypertension

A

Renal artery stenosis

Endocrine tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What different endocrine tumours can cause hypertension

A

Pheochromocytoma
Conn’s Syndrome
Cushing’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension

A

Usually none
May get headache - unusual
May get transient ischaemic attacks

17
Q

What does a headache indicate in hypertension

A

Malignant hypertension where blood pressure is rapidly accelerating

18
Q

What is a Transient Ischaemic Attack

A

TIA’s are mini strokes with a full neurological return in 24 hours

19
Q

What indications may be present with hypertension to investigate a patient further

A

Young patient
Resistant hypertension despite adequate treatment
Accelerated hypertension
Unusual history

20
Q

What further investigation should be carried out if a patient has accelerated hypertension

A

Scan to look for endocrine tumours and renal disease

21
Q

What is a pheochromocytoma and where are they found

A

An adrenergic endocrine tumour which releases adrenaline into circulation causing vasoconstriction and hypertension
From adrenal gland, above the kidney
In region of kidney, but not a kidney disease

22
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome

A

Endocrine tumour which releases cortisol into circulation increasing circulating blood volume
Gives salt and water retention which leads to excess fluid within the circulation

23
Q

What is Conn’s Syndrome

A

Endocrine tumour that releases aldosterone into circulation increasing circulating blood volume

24
Q

What is renal artery stenosis

A

Narrowing of vessels into the kidney which makes the auto regulation system think that blood flow has dropped because of hypovolemia
Because of this the body releases renin and through the renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone will be released and salt and water will be retained

25
Q

What is hypovolemia

A

The loss of extracellular fluid

26
Q

What investigations are usually carried out in patients with hypertension

A

Urinalysis
Serum biochemistry - electrolytes, urea and creatinine
Serum lipids
ECG

27
Q

What investigations are occasionally carried out in patients with hypertension

A

Renal ultrasound
Renal angiography
Hormone estimations - cortisol and adrenaline

28
Q

What is the aim blood pressure when treating a patient with hypertension

A

120/90mmHg

29
Q

What can be done to treat hypertension

A

Modify risk factors such as weight and exercise

Single daily drug use

30
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat hypertension and what are their side effects

A

Thiazide diuretic - gout
Beta blocker - COPD and asthma
Calcium channel blockers - gingival hyperplasia
ACE inhibitor - PVD

31
Q

How should patients with hypertension be monitored

A

After treatment, review at least annually, before then, every 2-3 months

32
Q

In which hypertensive patients, is it particularly important to monitor

A

Elderly patients

33
Q

Why are hypertensive patients monitored

A

Drugs can have biochemical effects on the blood such as Na+/K+ changes and dehydration

Cardiovascular Medicine (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions