hypertension

Question 1

classification of antihypertensive drugs by MOA

Answer 1

• neurotropic agents
• myotropic vasodilators
• calcium channel blockers
• potassium channel blockers
• drugs affecting renin-angiotensin-aldesterone system
• drugs regulating salt water metabolism

Question 2

Name the centrally acting neurotropic agents that are listed and their drugs

Answer 2

• sedatives => bromides, Magnesium sulfate
• ## tranquilizers => Diazepamhypnotic => phenobarbital
• Central a2 adrenoreceptors => Clonidine, methyldopa

Question 3

Name the peripherally acting neurotropic agents that are listed

Answer 3

• ganglion blockers => Hexamethonium/benzohexonium, trepirium iodide/hygronium, Azemethonium bromide/pentamine
• sympatholytics => guanethidine/Octadine, reserpine, raunatin
• a1 blockers => Prazosin, doxazosin/cardura, terazosin
• b blockers => Propranolol/Anaprilin/Inderal, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Talinolol
• a & b blockers => Labetalol, carvedilol

Question 4

Name the myotropic vasodilating neurotropic agents that are listed

Answer 4

• Papaverine hydrochloride
• Drotaverine(no-spa)
• Bendazol
• Hydralazine/apressin
• Sodium nitroprusside
• Pentoxifylline/trental
• Magnesium sulfate

Question 5

Name the calcium channel blocker neurotropics that are listed

Answer 5

• Verapamil/Isoptin
• Nifedipine(Adalat, Phenylhydine, Corinfar)
• Amlodipine/Norvasc
• Diltiazem

Question 6

Name the potassium channel opener neurotropics that are listed

Answer 6

• Minoxidil

- Nicorandil

Question 7

Name ACE inhibitor & angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Answer 7

• Captopril/capoten
• Enalapril
• Lisinopril
  . Losartan

Question 8

Name salt metabolism regulating neurotropic drugs that are listed(Diuretics)

Answer 8

• Furosemide/Lasix
• Hydrochlorothiazide
• Clopamide
• Spironolactone/verospiron
• Indapamide/Arifon

Question 9

Name the classifications of hypertensive drugs by clinical use

Answer 9

• Main group = first line drugs

- Additional groups = second line drugs

Question 10

Name the first line hypertensive drugs

Answer 10

• Diuretics
• beta blockers
• ACE inhibitors
• calcium channel blockers
• a1-blockers
• angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists

Question 11

Name the second line hypertensive drugs

Answer 11

• central a2 adrenergic agonists
• symphatolytics
• peripheral vasodilators

Question 12

How to treat hypertensive crisis

Answer 12

• Magnesium sulfate
• Furosemide/Lasix
• Clonidine/Clophelin
• Azamethonium bromide/pentamine
• Chlorpromazine/aminazine

Question 13

Name the classification of hypertensive drugs by MOA

Answer 13

1) drugs stimulating vasomotor centre
>caffeine, cordiamin
2) drugs stimulating CNS and cardiovascular system
3) drugs with peripheral vasoconstrictive and cardiotonic effects

Question 14

Name the drugs with peripheral vasoconstrictive and cardiotonic effect

Answer 14

• stimulants of a and b adrenergic receptors, dopamine iin blood vessels and heart
  > epinephrine, ephedrine, dopamine
• a adrenergic stimulants
  >norepinephrine
  >phenylephrine/mesatone
• hormones
  >vasopressin/anti diuretic hormone
  >prednisoone
• cardiotonic drugs
  >strophanthin
  >corglycon
  >dobutamine

Question 15

Name the listed cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 15

• cholestyramine

- polysponin

Question 16

What are cholesterol absorption inhibitors?

Answer 16

• a class of compounds that prevents the uptake of cholesterol from the small intestine into the circulatory system

Question 17

What are cholesterol synthesis imhibitors?

Answer 17

• a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 18

Name the listed cholesterol synthesis inhibitors

Answer 18

• Lovastatin
• Simvastatin
• Fluvastatin
• Probucol

Question 19

triglyceride reducing drugs

Answer 19

• fibrates => fenofibrates

> nicotinic acid

Question 20

What is nicotinic acid?

Answer 20

• water-soluble vitamin, but an anti-atherosclerotic action is not due to vitamin activity
• is taken orally in higher doses (3,0 per day)
• inhibits lipolysis in fat tissue and hepatic triglyceride esterification;
• promotes the activity of lipoprotein lipase
• reduces VLDL and triglycerides levels;
• elevates the level of HDL;
• inhibits platelet aggregation,
• increases fibrinolysis, and dilates blood vessels
• is used in atherosclerosis with hyperlipidemia, especially of V type may cause a flush-syndrome, peptic ulcer of the stomach, hepatic lesions, glucose intolerance, hyperuricemia.

Question 21

Name antioxidant classes and their drugs

Answer 21

• direct
  >tocopheryl acetate
  >ascorbic acid
• indirect
  >methionine
  >glutamic acid