Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

respiratory drugs > GI system > Flashcards

GI system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classifications of GI tract drugs

A
  • Drugs influencing appetite
  • Drugs influencing gastric secretion
  • Drugs affecting gastric motility
  • Drugs influencing pancreatic secretion
  • Drugs affecting intestinal motility
  • Drugs for hepatobiliary disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the classifications of drugs affecting the appetite

A

A . Stimulants of appetite (Appetizers)

      - Bitters  2. Hormonal preparations 
      - Insulin

B. Suppressors of appetite (Anorexigens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug should be applied in case cachexia

A
  • Insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which condition is treated with anorexigens

A
  • Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What group of drugs is contraindicated for peptic ulcers?

A
  • NSAIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 2 possible causes of peptic ulcers(stomach and duodenum)

A
  • NSAIDS

- Gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a possible reason for a duodenal peptic ulcer

A
  • Excessive secretion of gastric acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a cause for gastritis

A
  • H. Pylori
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name a cause for hyposectretion of acid

A
  • Gastritis in the body of the stomach => atrophic gastritis => hyopsectretion of stomach acid => gastric ulcer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the classifications of stimulants of gastric secretion and their drugs

A

A . Stimulants of gastric secretion

  • Histamine
  • Bitters

B. Drugs for replacement therapy

  • Pepsin
  • Hydrochloric acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the use of stimulants of gastric secretion

A

To produce enough acid to digest food so it wont damage the stomach wall and create an ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the classifications of surpressors of gastric sectretion and their drugs

A
  1. M-cholinoblockers (antagonists)
    - Pirezepine
  2. H2-histamine receptor blockers
    - Ranitidine
    - Famotidine
  3. Inhibitors of proton pump
    - Omeprazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA of omeprazol

A
  • Inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase (proton pump)

necessary for transport of H+ from parietal cells of gastric mucous membrane lumen of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indications for omeprazol

A
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Gasatroesophagal reflux disease
  • Chronic gastritis with the hypersecretion of acid
  • Zolinger-Ellison syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Side effects of omeprazol

A
  • Naussea, diarrhea, constipation, meteorism, pain in the stomach
  • Headache, weakness, depression, vision distrurbance
  • Skin rash
  • Arthralgia, myalgia, eosinophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

contraindications of omeprazol

A
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
  • childhood
  • Severe hepatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pharmacokinetics of rantidine

A
  • administered orally, IM, IV
  • well absorped via GI tract
  • acts within 15 mins, works 8-12 hours
  • excreted via urine in 24 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pharmacokinetics of omeprazol

A
  • administered orally, IV, IV infusion
  • absorped via small intestines
  • acts within 60 mins, works more then 24 hrs
  • metabolized in liver
  • excreted via urine & feces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOA of ranitidine

A
  • Inhibits H2-histamine receptors in parietal cells of the gastric mucous membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pharmacodynamics of ranitidine

A
  • Inhibition of gastric secretion
  • Decrease in total volume of gastric juice
  • Decrease in pepsin activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

indications of ranitidine

A
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Reflux-esophagitis
  • Zolinger-Ellison syndrome bleeding from the upper regions of the GI tract
  • The prophylaxis of bleeding in patients suffering from peptic ulcer
  • The prophylaxis of gastric juice aspiration in surgery under general anesthesia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

side effects of ranitidine

A
  • Headache, virtigo
  • Skin rash
  • Increase of plasma concentration of hepatic enzymes
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contraindications for rantidine

A
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
  • childhood
  • Severe renal and hepatic diseases
  • Gastric malignancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which M-cholinoblockers are used as antisecretory agents

A
  • Pirenzepine

- Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are antacids?

A
  • preparations for acid neutralization.

- Antacids are absorbable (NaHC03) and non-absorbable (CaC03, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name 3 antacids

A
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Magnesium Oxide
  • Aluminum hydroxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name 2 combined antacids

A
  • Almagel

- Maalox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are gastroprotectors and what do they do?

A
  • Drugs that cover the stomach with a protective layer to prevent damage
  • Ulcer healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Name 2 gastroprotectors

A
  • Sucralfate

- Bismuth subcitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name an enhanced mucosal resistance drug

A
  • Misoprostol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

MOA of Bismuth nitrate

A
  • forms a protective cover on the surface of ulcers and erosions
  • stimulates regeneration by the accumulation of an epidermal growth factor
  • increases prostaglandin E, synthesis
  • promotes the production of mucus and bicarbonates
  • inhibits the activity of pepsin
  • has an anti-helicobacter action
32
Q

Indications for Bismuth nitrate

A
  • peptic ulcer disease
  • chronic gastritis
  • peptic ulcers caused by NSAIDs
  • functional dyspepsia. The drug has no significant side-effects
33
Q

Side effects of Bismuth nitrate

A
  • black discoloration of feces
  • rarely nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • rash
34
Q

MOA of Misoprostol

A
  • semisynthetic prostaglandin
  • binds to Pg receptors
  • promotes mucus production and inhibits acid secretion
  • improves the trophy of the gastric mucous membrane
35
Q

Side effects of Misoprostol

A
  • diarrhea

- the risk of precipitating contractions of the gravid uterus

36
Q

Which drugs are listed as replacement therapy in excretory malfunction of the pancreas?

A
  • Pancreatin
  • Panzinorm forte
  • Festal
  • Mezim forte
  • Creon
37
Q

Indication of excretory malfunction replacement therapy drugs

A
  • Chronic pancreatitis
38
Q

Clinical uses of excretory malfunction replacement therapy drugs

A

To replace the enzymes necessary fro the digestion of proteins fats and carbohydrates(creatorrhea, steatorrhea)

39
Q

Which drugs are listed as antienzymatic/anitprotease drugs?

A
  • Aprotinin/contrycal

- Aminocaproic acid

40
Q

Indications of antienzymatic/antiprotease drugs

A
  • pancreatitis

- pancreanecrosis

41
Q

MOA of antienzymatic/antiprotease drugs

A
  • directly acting inhibitors of proteolysis and fybrinolisis
42
Q

Name the drugs listed as bile drugs/choleretics

A
  • Allochol

- Cholenzym

43
Q

Indications for choleretics

A
  • Cholecystitis

- Cholelythiasis

44
Q

clinical uses of choleretics

A
  • stimulate the production and secretion of dilute bile fluid
45
Q

Name an enhancer drug for bile flow

A
  • Magnesium sulfate
46
Q

Name the listed cholespasmolytics

A
  • Atropine

- Drotaverine/No-spa

47
Q

Name the listed hepatoprotectors

A
  • Legalon
  • Darcyl
  • Essentiale
  • Gepabene
  • Thiotriazolin
48
Q

Name the listed cholelitholytic agents

A
  • Chenodeoxycholic/chenofalk

- Ursodeoxycholic acid/ursofalk

49
Q

What are hepatoprotectors?

A
  • preparations protecting hepatocytes from different aggressive factors
50
Q

What are cholelitholytics?

A

-

51
Q

Which group of drugs stimulate motility of the stomach and intestine?

A
  • M-cholinomimetics

- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

52
Q

Name the listed M-cholinomimetic

A

Neostigmine/ Proserine

53
Q

Name the listed antagonists of dopamine and serotonin receptors

A
  • Domperidone/ Motillium

- Metoclopramide/ Cerucal

54
Q

Name a centrally acting emetic

A
  • Apomorphine
55
Q

MOA of Apomorphine

A
  • stimulant of CTZ and vomiting center.

- Apomorphine is centrally acting drug, a D2-dopamine receptor agonist. It is used in acute poisonings

56
Q

The pharmacological management of disturbances of intestinal motility includes

A
  • use of laxatives (purgatives) to treat constipation
  • use of antidiarrheal drugs (opioids, adsorbents, astringents) to treat non-infectious diarrhea
  • use of antimicrobial drugs to treat diarrhea caused by infection
  • application of cholinoblockers and myotropic spasmolytics to treat spasticity in the gut
57
Q

MOA of metoclopramide

A
  • is a specific blocker of D2 dopamine receptors.
  • it is 5-HT3-antagonist
  • it inhibits chemoreceptors of the trigger zone
  • the drug inhibits the sensitivity of visceral nerves translating impulses from the pylorus and duodenum to the emetic center
58
Q

Pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide

A
  • a decrease in vomiting and nausea
  • an increase in the tone of the stomach and intestine
  • the promotion of gastric evacuation
  • the prevention of a esophagal and pyloric reflux
  • the stimulation of intestinal peristalsis
  • the normalization of the tone of the bile bladder and bile secretion
  • the stimulation of prolactin secretion
59
Q

Indications of metoclopramide

A
  • vomiting and nausea of different origin
  • disturbances of the gut motility in dyspepsia, reflux-esophagitis, gastro- duodenitis, peptic ulcer, meteorism, and postoperative atonia ofthe stomach and intestine
  • x-ray investigations of the gut.
60
Q

Side effects of metoclopramide

A
  • Constipation, diarrhea & drymouth
  • weakness, headache,, depression, akatasia, extrapyramidal disturbances in children
  • parkinsonism
  • spasm of the face
61
Q

Contraindication of metoclopramide

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • GI bleeding
  • Bowel occlusion
  • Ulcer formation
  • abdominal surgeries
  • pregnancy
  • extra pyramidal disorder
  • epilepsia
  • childhood
  • severe renal and hepatic failure
62
Q

What is the pharmokinetics in laxatives

A
  • promote and facilitate bowel evacuation by acting locally to stimulate intestinal peristalsis or to soften bowel contents
63
Q

Name the listed laxatives classification

A
  • saline laxatives
  • laxatives containing antraglycosides
  • vegetable oils
  • synthetic laxatives
64
Q

Name the saline laxative

A
  • Magnesium Sulfate
65
Q

Name the laxative containing anthraglycosides

A
  • Senadexin
66
Q

Name the synthetic laxatives

A
  • Sodium picosulfate/ Guttalax
  • Bisacodyl
  • Lactulose/ Duphalac
  • Combined => Cafiol + Regulax
67
Q

MOA of laxatives

A
  • promote evacuation of the bowel through stimulation of fluid and electrolyte transport or increases in propulsive motility
68
Q

Drugs that surpress stomach motility

A
  • cholinergic blockers => atropine
69
Q

MOA surpressing durgs for stomach motility

A
  • eliminate smooth muscle spasms by blocking cholinergic receptors
70
Q

Name the Spasmolytic drugs

A
  • drotaverine/ no-spa

- combinations => Baralgin & Spazgan

71
Q

What are the indications for antiemetics

A
  • vomiting
  • naussea
  • motion sickness
72
Q

Name the listed antiemtic

A
  • benzocaine
73
Q

What is the purpose of taking anti-diarrheal drugs?

A
  • relieving symptoms of diarrhea
74
Q

Name the listed anti-diarrheal drug

A
  • Loperamide/ Imodium
75
Q

What are anti-flatulant agents?

A
  • drug used for the alleviation or prevention of excessive intestinal gas
76
Q

Name the listed anti-flatulant drugs

A
  • Peppermint
  • Simethicone/ Espumisan
  • Chamomile
77
Q

Effects of anti-flatulant drugs

A
  • preventing gas
    > enzyme-based dietary supplements break down indigestible substances and prevent substances from reaching large intestine intact
  • relieving gas
    > agent will coalesce smaller gas bubbles into larger bubbles, making release of gas within the gastrointestinal tract easy via burping or flatulence

respiratory drugs (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions