hypertension Flashcards
what is the normal BP
120/80
what are the values for hypertension
140/90
what can high BP cause
haemorrhage, atheroma, renal failure, cardiac death
what is the equation for BP
BP = CO (HR x SV) x SVR
describe the RAAS system
reduced blood flow to kidneys causes the release of renin. coverting angiotensinogen –> angiotensin I. ACE in lungs converts ANGT 1 –> ANGT 2. ANGT 2 causes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone from adrenal medulla.
what is primary hypertension
no obvious cause, vast majority of cases. Nothing ‘wrong’ with body by itself
what is secondary hypertension
has an underlying cause such as renal disease, endocrine disease, drug therapy and aortic disease
how can renal disease cause hypertension
reduced flow to kidneys causes more renin to be released which causes fluid and salt retention
name 2 endocrine syndromes and what they produce
Conn’s syndrome = excess aldosterone
Cushing’s = excess corticosteroid
what is benign hypertension
usually asymptomatic, may lead to more serious factors in the future
for every ___ mmHg over diastolic ___ mmHg the risk of ___ doubles
10, 85, MI
for every ___ mmHg over diastolic ___ mmHg the risk of ___ doubles
8, 85, stroke
what is malignant hypertension
life threatening condition where diastolic is over 130
what changes take place in arteries due to hypertension
tunic media thickens and arteries become hard
how do you diagnose using ABPM
at least 2 measurements per hour in a waking day
