baby shit

Question 1

what role does placenta have in babies

Answer 1

gas exchange: nutrition, waste and homeostasis, circulation

Question 2

what role does the placenta have in the circulation in babies

Answer 2

heart pumps blood to placenta in umbilical arteries (deoxygenated) and placenta returns nutritious blood to heart in umbilical veins (oxygenated)

Question 3

what is the role of the ductus venosus

Answer 3

connects umbilical vein to IVC, carries blood from placenta straight to heart

Question 4

what is the role of the foramen ovale

Answer 4

opening in atrial septum connect LA and RA, allows blood flow between and oxygenated blood reaching left side of heart

Question 5

what is the role of the ductus arteriosus

Answer 5

branch of pulmonary trunk to descending aorta, reduced flow to lungs and redirects to body

Question 6

what happens to the circulation when the baby is born (5 major events)

Answer 6

turn blue to pink, lungs expand and breathing begins, increased pulmonary output (decreased resistance) to lungs, foramen ovale closes, ductus arteriosus constricts

Question 7

what problems may babies have that could make it difficult for them to convert to adult circulation

Answer 7

sepsis, hypoxic ischaemia, cold stress

Question 8

what happens within the body of failure to adult circulation fails? what disease can it cause?

Answer 8

if pulmonary resistance remains high, right sided pressure remains high so foramen ovale doesnt close, can cause persistent pulmonary hypertension of a new born (PPHN)

Question 9

how can you identify PPHN

Answer 9

large difference in pre (hands) and post (feet) ductal O2 sats

Question 10

how can you treat PPHN

Answer 10

ventilate with O2, last resort inhale NO

Question 11

what happens if ductus arterious doesn’t close

Answer 11

prostaglandin E2 is needed until it can be shut properly, baby can’t breath properly a blood being directed away from lungs

Question 12

what is congenital heart disease

Answer 12

abnormality which is present at birth, occurred during development rather than genes

Question 13

what is antenatal screening

Answer 13

checking for abnormalities in unborn baby

Question 14

what are 2 common conginetal defects that normally resolve spontaneously at birth

Answer 14

murmur from vascular septum defect (VS) and cyanosis

Question 15

what congenital defects can present in the first week? what signs and treatment

Answer 15

problems in duct closures. poor pulses, cyanosis, tachypnoea, distress. PGE2 and surgery

Question 16

what congenital defects can present in the first few weeks? what signs and treatment

Answer 16

cardiac failure, slow feeding, SOB when feeding, sweaty. palliative or surgery

Question 17

what germ layer forms the heart

Answer 17

mesoderm

Question 18

what type of folding occurs when heart develops

Answer 18

cranio-caudal

Question 19

in order from cranial to caudal, what are the 5 heart tubes

Answer 19

truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium and sinus venous

Question 20

what does the truncus arteriosus develop into

Answer 20

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 21

what does the bulbus cordis develop into

Answer 21

RV and outflow of both

Question 22

what does the ventricle develop into

Answer 22

LV

Question 23

what does the atrium develop into

Answer 23

both atria

Question 24

what does the sinus venosus develop into

Answer 24

smooth part of RA and coronary sinus

Question 25

what do the remnants of the umbilical vein become

Answer 25

ligamentum teres

Question 26

what do the remnants of the ductus venosus become

Answer 26

ligamentum venosus

Question 27

what is the tetrology fallout

Answer 27

ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, RVH and RV outflow obs