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Cardiac rehabilitation > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension? SBP:DBP with units

A

140:90 mmHg

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2
Q

What is the equation for RPP?

A

RPP = HR x SV

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3
Q

What is the rationale behind hypertension research?

A

Hypertension int he number 1 “physiological” cause of global mortality

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4
Q

What are the 5 non-modifiable risk factors of hypertension?

A
  • Family history
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • Chronic kidney disease
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5
Q

Name 3 modifiable risk factors of hypertension

A
  • poor diet
  • overweight
  • diabetes
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6
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure?

A

BP = Q x TPR

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7
Q

what percentage of adults in the UK don’t know they are hypertensive?

A

40-45%

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8
Q

what is sleep apnoea?

A

irregular breathing in your sleep

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9
Q

when we are standing in water how does blood return back to the heart?

A

water is 23x more dense than air so it squeezes your legs which is important for venous return

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10
Q

where are you baroreceptors located?

A

aortic arch and the carotid

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11
Q

what is ANP and BNP associated with

A

sodium handling in the kidney,

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12
Q

when we are reducing BP what does the release of BNP & ANP do

A

these hormones hit the kidney resulting in less sodium being absorbed and so we excrete more so blood volume reduces

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13
Q

why doe we get arterial stiffness? (2)

A
  • We also get stiffening, because our arteries are getting hammered and we reduce endothelial function and our ability to vasodilate
  • we get scarring in the artery wall causing a stiff artery
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14
Q

why is hypertension a strong risk factor for mortality/morbidity? (7)

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • aneurysm
  • arterial stiffness
  • end organ damage
  • diastolic dysfunction
  • MI
  • dementia
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15
Q

How much does PA interventions reduces SBP by?

A

5-7 mmHg in adults

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16
Q

how much does PA intervention reduce CVD risk by?

A

20-30%

17
Q

why does exercise decrease BP?

A

“resetting” of the baroreceptors

18
Q

how does exercise improve vascular health? (5)

A
  • increased endothelial function
  • decreased arterial stiffness
  • increase in arterial diameter
  • increase in vascular growth
  • improver perfusion
19
Q

what is the bainbridge reflex?

A

increase pressure, HR increases to try the blood away and get the pressure back to normal

20
Q

what does the increase in GFR lead to?

A

we stop feeling thirsty and get vasodilation and reduction of sympathetic tone

21
Q

what happens when we have low blood volume?

A

decrease ein venous return –> stop the firing of hormones

22
Q

what organ is really sensitive to changes in BP?

A

the kidneys

23
Q

how do the kidneys react to a reduction in BP?

A

they release renin

24
Q

what does renin do?

A

overeats angiotensinogen to angiotensinogen 1

25
Q

what does angiotensin cause?

A

Vasoconstriction and plays key role in sodium handling

26
Q

what are 3 pharmacological interventions for controlling blood volume?

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • calcium channel blockers
  • beta blockers
27
Q

what is HR variability?

A

when you measure the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic

28
Q

what happens when there an elevation in BP is picked up by baroreceptors?

A

it is interpreted by the brain stem and we decrease sympathetic activation of the heart thus lower HR

29
Q

why is hypertension a strong risk factor for mortality/morbidity?

A

atherosclerosis - narrowing of vessel - arteries bulge - anerym/stork

30
Q

how does hypertension lead to hypertension of the heart?

A

increase left ventricular afterload —> trying to force blood into pumps that is recieving resistance —> hypertrophy

31
Q

How might hypertension lead to dementia?

A

white matter lesions have a role in development of dementia, hypertension increases chance of white matter lesions

32
Q

How much do PA interventions typically reduce SBP by?

A

5-7mmHg

33
Q

what values of SBP and DBP do you have to received medication before you can exercise?

A

SBP > 200mmHg

DBP >110 mmHG

34
Q

why does exercise decrease BP? (3)

A
  • “resetting” of the baroreceptors
  • cardiac remodelling
  • Fall in TPR

Cardiac rehabilitation (13 decks)

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