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Cardiac rehabilitation > Exercise and Pregnancy > Flashcards

Exercise and Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

How much is cardiac output increased during pregnancy?

A

30-50%

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2
Q

how much does stroke volume increase during pregnancy?

A

25%

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3
Q

why does stroke volume increase?

A

increase in blood volume

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4
Q

why is the size of the LV increased during pregnancy?

A

hormones

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5
Q

how does blood volume increase?

A

progesterone increases production of Renin by the kidneys -> sodium is reabsorbed -> kidneys reabsorb fluid to expand plasma volume

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6
Q

what stimulates the increase in HR during pregnancy?

A

increased oestrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin

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7
Q

why might pregnant women become anaemic?

A

o Relative increase in blood volume being greater than the increase in red cell mass

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8
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during pregnancy?

A

elevates

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9
Q

why is there resting hyperventilation during pregnancy?

A

Due to an increased plasma progesterone

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10
Q

why is there an increase in insulin during pregnancy?

A

Increase oestrogen causes B-cells hyperplasia in pancreas

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11
Q

what type of diabetes can form in pregnancy?

A

gestational diabetes

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12
Q

what are the main factors present is gestational diabetes?

A

High levels of intramuscular fat, reduces Glut4 activity reducing CHO uptake

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13
Q

what happens to a baby born to a gestational diabetic mother?(3)

A
  • increased birth weight
  • disproportionate growth of head and shoulders
  • increased insulin production
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14
Q

name 3 factors preeclampsia is associated with?

A
  • insulin resistance
  • SNS overactivity
  • increased leptin
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15
Q

why might exercise help with preeclampsia?(3)

A
  • reduce levels of C-reactive protein
  • increased nitric oxide production by endothelium (vasodilation)
  • decreased leptin (appetite suppressant)
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16
Q

what are the 2 most common muscoskeletal changes during pregnancy?

A
  • feet turn out

- mum starts to bend her back

17
Q

what is the average weight gain during pregnancy?

A

~12kg

18
Q

why would foetal bradycardia occur?

A

response to hypoxia to reduce foetal O2 demands

19
Q

what are the general guidelines to exercise for pregnancy?

A

20-30 minutes most days of the week

20
Q

what happens to your sub maxima exercise responses?

A

HR, VE, SV, blood pH and Q all higher opposed to non-pregnant state

21
Q

what happens to your HRR during pregnancy?

A

reduced due to an increased resting HR

22
Q

why is there reduced CHO delivery to muscles during pregnancy?(3)

A
  • reduced liver glycogen stores
  • Reduced sympathoadrenal activation
  • Foetal demands for CHO take priority
23
Q

how many extra calories should a pregnant women be taking on each trimester?

A 
1st = 100
2nd = 300
3rd = 150

Cardiac rehabilitation (13 decks)

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