Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm I Fall 2016 NUNM Jensen > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What are the BP ranges for the three stages of hypertension?

A

Stage 1: 140-159/90’s
Stage 2: 160-179/100-109
Stage 3: =>180/110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the JNC 8 recommendation for those aged over 60?

A

Treat if over 150/90 (either sys or dia) with a goal to be below those numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the JNC 8 recommendation for those aged below 60?

A

Treat a systolic above 140. (expert opinion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four major types of antihypertensives?

A

Diuretics
Beta-blockers
ACE-I/ARB
CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the four major types of antihypertensives is slightly less effective than the rest?

A

Beta-blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What describes a substance that promotes the excretion of urine?

A

Diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What describes a substance that promotes the renal excretion of Na+?

A

Natriuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the site of action for osmotic diuretics?

A

Proximal tubule and thin descending limb of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the site of action for Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the site of action for Thiazides?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the site of action for loop diuretics?

A

Thick ascending limb of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the site of action for Na+ channel blockers and spironolactone?

A

Cortical collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA for Thiazide diuretics?

A

Inhibits Na+ and Cl- transporter in distal convoluted tubules.
Increases excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+
Decrease Ca2+ excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are thiazides administered and absorbed?

A

Orally, poorly absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long is the onset of action for thiazides and what is their t1/2?

A

1-2 hours (BP effects take several days)

Wide range of t1/2 for different thiazides (generally longer than diuretics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What the two major side effects to worry about with thiazides?

A

Hypokalemia and hyponatremia

17
Q

What are four commonly used thiazides?

A

Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone

18
Q

What are four common loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

19
Q

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit apical Na-K-2Cl transporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Competes with Cl- binding site
Enhanced excretion of Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and H+
Inhibits reabsorption of glomerular filtrate

20
Q

How are loop diuretics administered and absorbed?

A

Orally, rapid absorption

21
Q

What is the onset of action for loop diuretics?

A

Rapid for both diuresis and BP effects

22
Q

What are the toxicity concerns with loop diuretics?

A

They cause retention of lithium, also has additive toxicity with ototoxic drugs at IV doses

23
Q

What decreases the potency of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibitors of organic acid ion transport (NSAIDs)

24
Q

What are the two main side effects to worry about with loop diuretics?

A

Hypokalemia and hyponatremia

25
Q

What antihypertensive drugs are the best tolerated?

A

Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors (RAS) and ARBs.

26
Q

What are four common Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-Is)?

A

Lisinopril
Enalapril
Captopril
Ramipril

27
Q

What are four common Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)?

A

Losartan
Irbesartan
Valsartan
Candesartan

28
Q

What is the most common side effect of ACE-I’s?

A

A dry cough (more common in black and asian patients)(can replace with ARB)

29
Q

What are the side effects of ACE-I’s?

A

Dry cough
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
Kidney function reduction

30
Q

What are the three types of CCBs?

A

Phenylalkylamines
Benzothiazepines
1, 4-dihydropryidines

31
Q

Two of the three CCB types work mostly through decreased cardiac output. Which one works by causing vasodilation?

A

Dihydropyradines

32
Q

What is the principal side effect of dihydropyridines?

A

Ankle edema

33
Q

What is the MOA of beta-blockers?

A 
Competitive antagonism (non-selective for both beta 1 and 2 receptors)
Antagonize effects of catecholamines on the heart.
34
Q

What is the difference between cardioselective and non-cardioselective beta-blockers?

A

Cardioselective prefer B1 receptors (except at high doses. Theoretically cause less bronchoconstriction and peripheral vasodilation

35
Q

What are some of the important adverse effects of beta blockers?

A

CNS effects (sedation, depression, hallucinations)
Worsening of heart failure when initiated (start low dose)
Bronchospasm
Hypoglycemia unawareness in diabetes
Impotence

Pharm I Fall 2016 NUNM Jensen (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions