Hypertension Flashcards
BP goals for under 60, over 60, and patients with DM or CKD
under 60 - 140/90
DM/CKD - 140/90
over 60 - 150/90
HTN can lead to….
heart attacks, CHF, preamture death, hypertensive nephrosclerosis -> end stage kidney disease
secondary causes of HTN
coarctation of aorta renovascular/renal dx Cushing dx hyperthyroidism hyperparathyroism hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma OSA
Initial testing in evaluating HTN (labs and tests)
serum K, creatinine with GFR, Ca, blood glucose, fasting lipids, and Hct
U/A to check for proteinuria or other evidence of renal disease
ECG to check for CAD or LVH
Lifestyle modifications for HTN
weight control, exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day, DASH diet (high K and Ca)
Rx African American patients
Ca channel blocker/thiazide diuretic
Rx non-african american patient
thiazide, Ca channel blocker, ARB, ACE inhibitor
When to adjust dosage/add second drug
if goal BP not reached with one agent after 1 month
What additional med class is recommended in HTN patients with CAD or heart failure
beta blockers
What condition should you watch out for before prescribing beta blocker
Depression. B blockers can worsen depression
What class of meds is useful for HTN patient with hx of kidney stones
thiazide
Suffix of ACE inhibitors
-pril
Suffix of ARBs
-sartan
Suffix of Ca channel blockers
-dipine
Examples of thiazides
hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, methylclothiazide, metolazone
Suffix of beta blockers
-olol
First line in patient with DM
ARB or Ace inhibitor
Most common cause of HTN in children
renal parenchymal dx
do U/A, urine culture, and renal U/S for any child presenting with HTN
First line treatments for CKD patient
ACE inhibitors or ARBs as first line or add on treatment
Which class of BP meds can cause cough that can easily be overlooked
ACE inhibitor
