Hypertension

Question 1

BP goals for under 60, over 60, and patients with DM or CKD

Answer 1

under 60 - 140/90
DM/CKD - 140/90
over 60 - 150/90

Question 2

HTN can lead to….

Answer 2

heart attacks, CHF, preamture death, hypertensive nephrosclerosis -> end stage kidney disease

Question 3

secondary causes of HTN

Answer 3

coarctation of aorta
renovascular/renal dx
Cushing dx
hyperthyroidism
hyperparathyroism
hyperaldosteronism
pheochromocytoma
OSA

Question 4

Initial testing in evaluating HTN (labs and tests)

Answer 4

serum K, creatinine with GFR, Ca, blood glucose, fasting lipids, and Hct
U/A to check for proteinuria or other evidence of renal disease
ECG to check for CAD or LVH

Question 5

Lifestyle modifications for HTN

Answer 5

weight control, exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day, DASH diet (high K and Ca)

Question 6

Rx African American patients

Answer 6

Ca channel blocker/thiazide diuretic

Question 7

Rx non-african american patient

Answer 7

thiazide, Ca channel blocker, ARB, ACE inhibitor

Question 8

When to adjust dosage/add second drug

Answer 8

if goal BP not reached with one agent after 1 month

Question 9

What additional med class is recommended in HTN patients with CAD or heart failure

Answer 9

beta blockers

Question 10

What condition should you watch out for before prescribing beta blocker

Answer 10

Depression. B blockers can worsen depression

Question 11

What class of meds is useful for HTN patient with hx of kidney stones

Answer 11

thiazide

Question 12

Suffix of ACE inhibitors

Answer 12

-pril

Question 13

Suffix of ARBs

Answer 13

-sartan

Question 14

Suffix of Ca channel blockers

Answer 14

-dipine

Question 15

Examples of thiazides

Answer 15

hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, methylclothiazide, metolazone

Question 16

Suffix of beta blockers

Answer 16

-olol

Question 17

First line in patient with DM

Answer 17

ARB or Ace inhibitor

Question 18

Most common cause of HTN in children

Answer 18

renal parenchymal dx

do U/A, urine culture, and renal U/S for any child presenting with HTN

Question 19

First line treatments for CKD patient

Answer 19

ACE inhibitors or ARBs as first line or add on treatment

Question 20

Which class of BP meds can cause cough that can easily be overlooked

Answer 20

ACE inhibitor