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MS 2 Exam 2 Caroline > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

When BP goes up…

A

HR goes down

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2
Q

When BP goes up…

A

HR goes down

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3
Q

Prehypertensive:

A

120-139 / 80-89

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4
Q

Stage I Hypertension

A

140-159 / 90-99

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5
Q

Stage II Hypertension

A

> 160 / >100

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6
Q

What is BP?

A

Force exerted against the walls of the arteries and veins by the blood as it’s being pumped out of the heart.

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7
Q

Systolic Pressure:

A

highest amount of pressure exerted on the arterial wall at peak of ventricular contraction

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8
Q

Diastolic Pressure:

A

Lowest pressure exerted during ventricular relaxation

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9
Q

MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure

A

average amount of pressure exerted throughout cardia cycle.

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10
Q

MAP Formula

A

1/3 (SBP+2DBP)

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11
Q

Pulse Pressure Formula

A

SBP - DBP

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12
Q

MAP is Measured as

A

the cardiac output multiplied by the peripheral vascular resistance (COxPVR)

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13
Q

Why is MAP important?

A
  • shows entire cardiac cycle

- monitors perfusion of organs

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14
Q

Normal MAP:

A

70-110

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15
Q

MAP that can perfuse all organs:

A

> 60

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16
Q

MAP that is dangerous

A
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17
Q

How is BP controlled/maintained

A

SNS
Vascular Endothelium
Renal System

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18
Q

SNS

A

baroreceptors in the carotid arteries can activate SNS

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19
Q

Vascular Endothelium:

A

produces several vasoactive substances

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20
Q

Renal system

A
  • controls extracellular fluid
  • renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system
  • prostaglandins - vasodilators
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21
Q

Primary HTN:

A

^ BP without a SINGLE identified cause (diabetes)

22
Q

Secondary HTN:

A

^ BP with specific cause which can be corrected (physiological issue)

23
Q

Manifestations of HBP

A

HA, nocturia, mental status change (later on), n/v, visual changes, papilledema

24
Q

Manifestations of HBP

A

HA, nocturia, mental status change (later on), n/v, visual changes, papilledema

25
Q

Prehypertensive:

A

120-139 / 80-89

26
Q

Stage I Hypertension

A

140-159 / 90-99

27
Q

Stage II Hypertension

A

> 160 / >100

28
Q

What is BP?

A

Force exerted against the walls of the arteries and veins by the blood as it’s being pumped out of the heart.

29
Q

Systolic Pressure:

A

highest amount of pressure exerted on the arterial wall at peak of ventricular contraction

30
Q

Diastolic Pressure:

A

Lowest pressure exerted during ventricular relaxation

31
Q

MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure

A

average amount of pressure exerted throughout cardia cycle.

32
Q

MAP Formula

A

1/3 (SBP+2DBP)

33
Q

Pulse Pressure Formula

A

SBP - DBP

34
Q

MAP is Measured as

A

the cardiac output multiplied by the peripheral vascular resistance (COxPVR)

35
Q

Why is MAP important?

A
  • shows entire cardiac cycle

- monitors perfusion of organs

36
Q

Normal MAP:

A

70-110

37
Q

MAP that can perfuse all organs:

A

> 60

38
Q

MAP that is dangerous

A
39
Q

How is BP controlled/maintained

A

SNS
Vascular Endothelium
Renal System

40
Q

SNS

A

baroreceptors in the carotid arteries can activate SNS

41
Q

Vascular Endothelium:

A

produces several vasoactive substances

42
Q

Renal system

A
  • controls extracellular fluid
  • renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system
  • prostaglandins - vasodilators
43
Q

Primary HTN:

A

^ BP without a SINGLE identified cause (diabetes)

44
Q

Secondary HTN:

A

^ BP with specific cause which can be corrected (physiological issue)

45
Q

Preeclampsia

A

^ BP during pregnancy usually after 20 weeks, possible organ damage especially kidneys. Very Dangerous.

46
Q

Manifestations of HBP

A

HA, nocturia, mental status change (later on), n/v, visual changes, papilledema

47
Q

Secondary HTN Examples

A
  • Coarctation or congenital narrowing of the aorta
  • S/E of drugs or hormones
  • Traumatic brain injury, tumors
  • Glomerulonephritis, Kidney disease
  • Cirrhosis of the liver
48
Q

HTN Crisis Manifestations

A
  • Encephalopathy (HA N/V Seizures, confusion, coma)
  • Renal Insufficiency
  • Angina, MI, SOB
49
Q

HTN Crisis Treatment:

A
  • Nitroprusside sodium: vasodilator given IV, closely monitored/titrated
  • Labetalol: mixed alpha and beta adrenergic blocker given IV
50
Q

Beta Blockers:

A

slows hr, uses less force, monitor HR and decreased CO

51
Q

ACE Inhibitors:

A

Stops veins from vasoconstricting (watch for OH)

52
Q

Diuretics:

A

make you pee, some are potassium sparing

MS 2 Exam 2 Caroline (5 decks)

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