Emerging Pathogens Flashcards
Bacteriostatic:
Slows the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal:
kills the targeted organism
Antibiotics work by:
inhibiting specific processes that are essential for bacterium to grow.
Intrinsic Resistance:
Maybelline Bacteria, some meds will not touch it because of their makeup
Acquired Resistance:
Results from change in genetic composition that makes a previously effective drug ineffective.
Community Acquired Infections:
- Pneumococcal Pneumonia (penicillin resistant)
- Tick borne (Lyme Disease)
- Mosquitos (West Nile, Viral Encephalitis)
- Increasing Hep C
Nasocomial Infections %:
5% of hospitalized a year develop nasocomial infections which many of are preventable.
Staphylococcus Aureus Gram?
Positive
Staph Aureus found on:
skin, wounds, nose, axillae, and perineum
Staph Aureus can cause major issues in:
large wounds, or in resp system
Staph Aureus common in:
Nursing Homes
Staph Aureus Hospitalized each year:
80,000
VRE is gram:
Positive
What is VRE?
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Where is VRE found?
bowel, female genital tract, environment
VRE Transmission:
fecal-oral
VRE Resultants:
110,000 UTIs
25,000 Bacteremias
4,000 wound infections
1,100 cases of endocarditis/ yr
Clostridium Difficile gram?
Spore forming Positive Rod
C Diff: environment survival
up to 70 days
C Diff: Room cleaned with
bleach
C diff: not responsive to:
hand sanitizers
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): transmission
body fluids (all)
CMV: Once infected, virus remains in the body _____.
for life
CMV: especially dangerous to
Pregnant women & immunocompromised
CMV: related to viruses that cause
chicken pox, herpes simplex, and mononucleosis
CMV Symptoms relate to:
Mononucleosis
CMV Complications:
intestinal tract, liver, nervous system, & lungs.
Re-emerging pathogens:
Ebola (EVD) Measles Pertussis Mumps Diphtheria Rubella
Ebola was formerly known as:
Hemorrhagic fever
EVD: fatality rate
90%
Ebola S/S:
Fever Severe HA Muscle Pain Weakness Fatigue Diarrhea Vomiting Abd Pain Unexplained Hemorrhage
Measles: Declared Elim in US:
2000
Current Measles outbreak associated with:
Travel
Measles S/S:
High Fever Cough Runny Nose Red, Watery eyes 2-3 days later white patches in mouth 3-5 days after rash outbreak
Measles Complications:
Ear Infections
Diarrhea
Pneumonia
Encephalitis (convulsions, deafness, developmental disorders)
1-2/1,000 die
Pregnant Women: premature birth, low birth weight
Measles Precautions:
Airborne
Vaccine for Measles
MMR 2 doses, 1st between 6 mos - 1 year
