Hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
What are non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
A
- age (over 60)
- family history (woman under 65, man under 55)
- sex (men and postmenopausal women)
- ethnicity (First Nations, African)
2
Q
What are modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
A
- stress
- obesity (BMI over 25)
- poor diet (high fat, high sodium)
- sedentary lifestyle
- substance use (alcohol, smoking, caffeine)
3
Q
Why do we care about hypertension?
A
increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, chronic kidney disease and heart attack (target organ damage)
4
Q
How is hypertension treated?
A
3-step approach:
1) lifestyle modification
2) medication
3) 2nd medication (usually ACEI and calcium channel blocker)
5
Q
What medications can be used to decreased blood pressure?
A
- diuretics
- beta blockers
- ACEI
- ARB
- calcium channel blockers
- vasodilators
6
Q
What is the goal of treatment in patients with hypertension?
A
under 140/90 mm Hg
under 150/90 mm Hg in patients older than 60