Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What are non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension?

A
  • age (over 60)
  • family history (woman under 65, man under 55)
  • sex (men and postmenopausal women)
  • ethnicity (First Nations, African)
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2
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for hypertension?

A
  • stress
  • obesity (BMI over 25)
  • poor diet (high fat, high sodium)
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • substance use (alcohol, smoking, caffeine)
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3
Q

Why do we care about hypertension?

A

increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, chronic kidney disease and heart attack (target organ damage)

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4
Q

How is hypertension treated?

A

3-step approach:

1) lifestyle modification
2) medication
3) 2nd medication (usually ACEI and calcium channel blocker)

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5
Q

What medications can be used to decreased blood pressure?

A
  • diuretics
  • beta blockers
  • ACEI
  • ARB
  • calcium channel blockers
  • vasodilators
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6
Q

What is the goal of treatment in patients with hypertension?

A

under 140/90 mm Hg

under 150/90 mm Hg in patients older than 60

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