Fluid Balance Flashcards
1
Q
What are some risk factors for fluid imbalance?
A
- diuretics
- IV fluids
- adrenal insufficiency
- diarrhea
- renal disease
- elderly (decreased water reserve)
- serious infection or fever
2
Q
What is hypervolemia or fluid volume excess?
A
an isotonic increase in extracellular fluid
3
Q
What causes hypervolemia?
A
- increased water intake
- IV fluids
- liver failure
- kidney failure
4
Q
What diagnostic tests would help diagnose hypervolemia?
A
- serum electrolytes will be normal
- Hct decreased
- may see pulmonary edema on X-ray
5
Q
What are signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess?
A
- JVD
- peripheral, pulmonary edema, ascites
- acute weight gain
- increased blood pressure
- increased heart rate
- increased urine output
- dyspnea
- weakness
6
Q
What are important points in the management of fluid volume overload?
A
- manage symptoms
- diuretics to correct
- stop IV fluids?
- rest (will increase renal excretion)
- sodium restriction
also nurse can monitor input and output, do daily weights, monitor BP, assess for edema and auscultate chest
7
Q
What is hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit?
A
a decrease in extracellular fluid that is isotonic (NOT dehydration which is water loss)
8
Q
What tests would help diagnose fluid volume deficit?
A
- serum electrolytes would be normal
- hematocrit elevated
- urine specific gravity increased
9
Q
What are signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit?
A
- decreased skin turgor
- acute weight loss
- oliguria or concentrated urine
- decreased blood pressure
- increased heart rate
- increased respiratory rate
- thirst
- low grade fever
10
Q
How is fluid volume deficit managed?
A
- fluid replacement (oral is preferred but IV if necessary)
- treat the underlying cause
