Hypertension Flashcards
- systolic BP of 140mmHg or higher OR diastolic BP of 90mmHg or higher
- based on average of three or more readings taken on separate occasions
hypertension
what serious conditions is HTN a major risk for?
- coronary heart disease
- heart failure
- stroke
- renal failure
what factors affect arterial circulation?
- blood flow
- peripheral vascular resistance
- blood pressure
the highest pressure exerted against the arterial walls at the peak of ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
the lowest pressure exerted during ventricular relaxation
diastolic blood pressure
what systolic pressure (and above) is considered hypertensive?
140mmHg
what diastolic pressure (and above) is considered hypertensive?
90mmHg
what factors determine peripheral vascular resistance?
- blood viscosity
- length of the vessel
- diameter of the vessel & distensibility
a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance
RAA system (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)
where are the baroreceptors that stimulate the SNS when there is a drop in MAP located?
- aortic arch
- carotid sinus
what happens when there is a drop in mean arterial pressure?
the baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus stimulate the SNS
what is stimulated if there is a drop in renal perfusion?
renin is released (which converts to angiotensin I and then to angiotensin II - which is a potent vasoconstrictor and promotes water and sodium retention) »_space; and ultimately BP goes up
which hormones are released from atrial cells to lower BP?
- atrial natriuretic peptide
- brain natriuretic peptide
what hormone is released from smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells to lower BP by vasodilation?
-adrenomedullin
what two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland to promote water retention and vasoconstriction, to raise BP?
- vasopressin
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
