Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension?

A
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2
Q

Complications of Hypertension

A

Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Aneurysm
Retinopathy
Alzheimer’s disease
Kidney problems

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3
Q

Treatments of hypertension

A
  1. Ccb - verapamil , amlidipnr
    Diuretic Hydrocholoro thiazide furosemide
    Beta blocker labetolol atenonlol
    ARB valsartan losart
    Acei Enalpril lisinopril
    Aldosterone antagonist spironolactone
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4
Q

2 approach

A

Threshold for bo intervention

Target b.p after treatment

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5
Q

Non oharma hypertension treatment

A

Weight loss
Dash diet
Salt intake
Physical activity
Alcohol intake

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6
Q

4 ways to assess hypertensive patients

A

Sec causes
Contributory factors
End organ damage
Determination of cvr

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7
Q

Adverse effects of Hypertensive drugs

A

Bb

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8
Q

Diabetes and renal disease

A

Acei’s

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9
Q

Pregnant elderly

A

Methyl dopa

Ccb

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10
Q

Race

A

African Carribbean natives

Ccb …avoid thiazide BCS of djabetes

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11
Q

Persons over 55 and under

A

Under - Acei’s or low dose ARB.

Over - CCB

ARB + CCB

ARB + CCB +THIA DIURETIC

RESISTANT HYPER

MONITORING

REVUEW ANNUALLY

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12
Q

Aspirin and statin used when?

A

Reduce CV events

Recommended in CVR

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13
Q

Secondary causes?

A

Renal disease
Renal artery stenosis
Hyperaldosteronism

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14
Q

Contributory factor

A

Smoking
Weight gain
Salt intake
No exercise
Sedentary lifestyle

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15
Q

End organ damage

A

Renal fxn test
Retina changes
ECG for ischemic disease

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16
Q

Det of CVR

A

Patient w history of myocardial Infarction or stroke

17
Q

Diagnosis 9f hypertension

A
  1. Bp test sphygomanometer
    Phys examination
    Laboratory investigations blood and urine test
    Imaging test echocardiogram
    Additional tests
    Renal fxn test
18
Q

Symptoms

A

Confusion
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Nose blees
Chest pain
Wheezing - shortness of breath
Nausea and vomit

19
Q

Causes and Risk factors

A
  1. Family history
    Environmental
    Lifestyle
    Age
    Genetics
    Co existing disease- diabetes
    Pregnancy
    Socioeconomic status
    Occupational risk
    Poor sleep
20
Q

Causes and Risk factors

A
  1. Family history
    Environmental
    Lifestyle
    Age
    Genetics
    Co existing disease- diabetes
    Pregnancy
    Socioeconomic status
    Occupational risk
    Poor sleep
21
Q

Bp classification

A

Normal <120/80
Elevated <120-129/80
High BP 1 130-139 /80-89
High BP 2 140+/90+
Hypertensive crisis 180+ /120+

22
Q

Categories of hypertension

A

Systemic - increased pressure on blood vessels
Local - elevated BP in specifc parts of body
Severity index - clinicians match BP reading to symptoms

23
Q

Types of systemic and types of local

A

Systemic
Isolated systolic hyper
Secondary hyepr
Essential hyper
Mignant hyper
Resistant hyper

Portal
Pulmonary.
epididymal
Ocular
Idiopathic intercranial hyper