Diabetes

Question 1

Gestational diabetes?

Answer 1

Any glucose intolerance first detected during 2nd or 3rd trimester

Question 2

Causes of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

AGE
AUTOIMMUNITY
GENETICS
ENVIRONMENT

Question 3

Causes of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 3

AGE
AUTOIMMUNITY
GENETICS
ENVIRONMENT

Question 4

Causes of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 4

AGE
AUTOIMMUNITY
GENETICS
ENVIRONMENT

Question 5

Causes of type 2

Answer 5

Diminished B cell function
Peripheral site defect
Genetic factor

Question 6

causes of sec diabetes

Answer 6

Endocrine disorder
Pam read disease
Drugs that antagonise insulin

Question 7

4 special issues in diabetes

Answer 7

Surgery
Pediatric
Geriatric
Pregnancy in DM
Adolescents

Question 8

3 prevention/ treatment for diabetic neuropathy

Answer 8

1. Limit protein intake to 1.8g/mole
   Smoke cessation
   Initiation of ACE inhibitor therapy

Question 9

4 general treatment

Answer 9

Smoke cessation
Aggressive management of hypertension and hyperglycemia
Increased physical activity
Appropriate drug therapy

Question 10

Organs affected in long term complications

Answer 10

Heart
Eyes
Kidney
Etc

Question 11

Non pharmacology treatment of diabetes

Answer 11

Smoke cessation
Balanced diet
Regular exercise
Weight loss
Adequate sleep
Education and support

Question 12

3 ways for assessment of glycic control

Answer 12

1. Urine glucose testing
   Urine ketose monitoring
   Self monitoring of blood glucose

Question 13

2 long term monitoring parameters

Answer 13

1. Glycosylated hemoglobin
2. Glycosylated fructosamine

Question 14

2 acute changes in glycemic control

Answer 14

Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia

Mild moderate severe

Question 15

Non medical approach

Answer 15

Medical nutrition therapy
Exercise

Question 16

Insulin classify Drug therapies

Answer 16

1. Insulin and Analogues-
   Short acting regular insulin
   Intermediate NPH insulin/ determir
   Long acting - insulin glargine
   Rapid - Insulin lispro

Question 17

Why should injection site be rotated

Answer 17

To avoid Lipohyertrophy or fibrosis

Question 18

Insulin secretatogues does what

Answer 18

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin

Question 19

Eg of insulin secretatogues

Answer 19

Sulfonylurea - glimeperide glipizide
Meglitinides- Repaglinide (prandin)
Phenylalanine derivatives- ñateglinide (starlix)

Question 20

Eg of insulin secretatogues

Answer 20

Sulfonylurea - glimeperide glipizide
Meglitinides- Repaglinide (prandin)
Phenylalanine derivatives- ñateglinide (starlix)

Question 21

Insulin sensitisers

Answer 21

1. Biguanides - metformin
2. Thiazolidinediones - pioglitazone
3. Combination products
   Metformin/glipizide - metaglio

Question 22

Classes of insulin

Answer 22

1. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors - sitagliptin
2. Amylin receptor agonist - pramlintide
3. Incretin mimetic - exanetide
4. @ glucosidase inhibitors
5. Insulin sensitisers
   - Thiazolidinediones - pioglitazone
   -Biguanudes - metformin
   Combination products- Metaglim
6. Insulin secretatogues -
   - sulfonylurea - glipizide - glimperide
   Meglitinides- repaglinide
   - pheylanlanie derivatives- nateglinide

Question 23

5 classic signs

Answer 23

Polyurea
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Fatugue

Question 24

2 diagnostic test for non pregnant

Answer 24

1. Fasting plasma glucose
2. Oral glucose tolerance test

Question 25

Hy HYPEROSMILAR HYPERGLYCEMIC SYNDROME IN TYPE 2
AMD KETOACIDOSIS IN TYPE 1

Answer 25

Ff

Question 26

3 drug interactions that may affect glycic control

Answer 26

Monoamine oxidase - potential hypoglycemia as a result of hypoglycemic effect
Methyl dopa - altered protein binding
Beta blocker - prolonged hypoglycemia and masking of symptoms

Question 27

3 factors that can precipitate hypoglycemia

Answer 27

Alcohol ingestion
Insufficient food intake or delayed
More exercise than usual