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Mnemonics > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-1 selective drugs (AMEBBA)

A

A- ATENOLOL

M- METOPROLOL

E- ESMOLOL

B- BETAXOLOL

B- BISOPROLOL

A- ACEBUTLOL

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2
Q

Beta 1 selective b- blocker with Nitric Oxide- dependent vasodilatation

A

Nebivolol

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3
Q

Non selective beta blockers and alph 1 blockers
(Leave Cardiac To Periphery Soon)

A

L- labetalol

C - Carvedilol

T- Timolol

P- Pindolol + Propranolol

S- Sotalol

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4
Q

CAPTOPRIL to remember key SE of ACE inhibitors (ACEi):

A

C – Cough (due to increased bradykinin)
A – Angioedema (rare but serious side effect)
P – Potassium retention (risk of hyperkalemia)
T – Teratogenic (contraindicated in pregnancy)
O – Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first doses)
P – Proteinuria (can reduce proteinuria in nephropathy)
R – Renal function monitoring (risk of acute kidney injury)
I – Increased creatinine (due to decreased GFR, needs monitoring)
L – Lowers blood pressure (main use in hypertension and heart failure)

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5
Q

Antihytn best in asthmatics

A

Low dose digoxin and CCB

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6
Q

Pillars in the management of HF

A

1.BB
2.ARNI
3.ACEI/ ARBS
4.SGLT2
5.Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist

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7
Q

ARNI ( Sacubitril /Valsartan )

A

Salcubitril -
Neprilysing breaks down peptides but these peptides are useful in the excretion of sodium and water

Salcubitril inhibits Neprilysing to prevent the breakdown of peptides

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8
Q

NYHA class I

A

No symptoms and no limitation of ordinary physical activity

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9
Q

NYHA class II

A

No symptoms at rest but slight limitation of ordinary activity

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10
Q

NYHA class III

A

No symptoms at rest but marked limitation of ordinary physical activity (activity of daily living)

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11
Q

Class IV NYHA

A

Symptoms at rest and worse during any physical activity

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12
Q

Stage A ACC/ AHA

A

Stage A: High risk of heart failure but no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure

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13
Q

Stage b ACC

A

§ Stage B: Structural heart disease but no symptoms of HF

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14
Q

Stage C Accc

A

§ Stage C: Structural heart disease and symptoms of HF

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15
Q

Stage D ACC

A

§ Stage D: Refractory heart failure requiring specialized therapy

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16
Q

Drugs that worsen HF (Drug Information Nation)

A
  1. DPP4 inhibitors EG saxagliptin

2.Immunosuppressants TNF inhibitors {e.g., adalimumab,
etanercept) and interferons

3.Nondihydropyridine CCBs Dlltiazem and verapamil (in systolic HF)

  1. Antiarrhythmics Class I agents (e.g., quinidine,
    flecainide) and dronedarone

Amiodarone and dofetilide are preferred in patients w ith HF

5.Thiazolidinediones risk o f edema

6.Itraconazole

7.Oncology drugs Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)

8.NSAIDs All (including celecoxib)

17
Q

Compensatory mechanisms in HF

A
  1. Increased sympathetic activity
  2. RAAS
    3.CARDIAC REMODELLING
    4.ENDOTHELIN
  3. Release of Peptides
18
Q

Decompensated HF

A

Occurs when the compensatory mechanisms fail causing acute HF unstable

19
Q

Drugs recommended in HF

A

Amlodipine and Felodipine

20
Q

Lasix will not reduce

A

Mortality in HF

21
Q

Difference between Spironolactone and Eplerenonone

A

is a non-selective mineralocorticoid antagonists. it can also antagonize androgen, progesterone, is more likely to cause endocrine-related side effects like gynecomastia in men while eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid anatagonixt

22
Q

Pleutropic benefits of Acei

A
  1. Antioxidant
  2. Anti-inflammatory
    3.Antipoliferative
  3. Decreases cardiac REMODELLING
  4. Increase Nitric oxide bioavailability
23
Q

Pleutropic benefits of Statins

A

1.Antioxidant
2. Anti-inflammatory
3.Antipoliferative
4. Stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques
5. Increase Nitric oxide bioavailability

24
Q

Wash out period for ACEi before administration of ARNI

25
Q

The best medicine in HF with Atrial Fibrillation

26
Q

DIGOXIN WILL NOT REDUCE Mortality

27
Q

MOA of Digoxin

A
  1. INCREASE force of contraction has POSITIVE INOTROPIC Effect
    2.Reduces Impulses TRANSMISSION OF SINO-ATRIAL NODE
28
Q

Cardiac side effects of Digoxin

A

Bradycardia
Heart block

29
Q

Non cardiac

A

Vomiting, Nausea, Vision

30
Q

SGLT2 ARE RECOMMENDED AS ADD ON to decrease mortality and hospitalizations, together with

A

ARNI or ACEi or ARBs
BB
ARA

31
Q

Hydralazine and Nitrates are used for

A

Pts not response to ACE or despite optimal treatment with pillars

32
Q

Hydralazine decreases

A

Afterload , direct arterial vasodilator

33
Q

Nitrates decrease

A

Preload, venous dilator

Mnemonics (8 decks)

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