Hypertension Flashcards
What is the definition of hypertension?
Hypertension is defined as consistently elevated blood pressure.
True or False: Hypertension is often referred to as the ‘silent killer’ because it typically has no symptoms.
True
What are the two main types of hypertension?
Primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage hypertension?
Exercise, healthy diet, weight loss, reduced sodium intake, and limited alcohol consumption.
What is the first-line medication for treating hypertension?
IECA/ARA
What is the target blood pressure for most patients with hypertension?
Less than 140/90 mmHg.
True or False: Hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart attack and stroke.
True
What is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal but not yet in the hypertension range?
Prehypertension.
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hypertension management?
They help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
What is the recommended sodium intake for individuals with hypertension?
Less than 1,500 mg per day.
What is the significance of monitoring blood pressure at home for patients with hypertension?
It provides valuable information for managing and adjusting treatment.
What is the relationship between hypertension and kidney disease?
Hypertension is a major risk factor for kidney disease.
What is the DASH diet and how does it help manage hypertension?
The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, which can lower blood pressure.
What is the term for a sudden, severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a medical emergency?
Hypertensive crisis.
What is the role of beta-blockers in treating hypertension?
They help slow the heart rate and reduce the heart’s workload.
What is the relationship between hypertension and lifestyle factors such as smoking and stress?
Smoking and stress can contribute to high blood pressure and worsen hypertension.
What are the potential side effects of antihypertensive medications?
Side effects may include dizziness, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalances.
What is the term for blood pressure that is consistently elevated but not controlled with medication?
Resistant hypertension.
What is the significance of regular blood pressure monitoring in hypertension management?
It helps track progress, identify trends, and adjust treatment as needed.
What is the role of calcium channel blockers in hypertension management?
They help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.
What are the potential complications of uncontrolled hypertension?
Complications may include heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
What is the importance of patient education in hypertension management?
Patient education helps promote adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes.
What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest?
Diastolic blood pressure.
What is the significance of reducing stress in hypertension management?
Stress can raise blood pressure, so reducing stress is important for managing hypertension.
What is the role of lifestyle modifications in combination with medication in hypertension management?
Lifestyle modifications can enhance the effectiveness of medication in controlling blood pressure.
What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats?
Systolic blood pressure.
What is the relationship between hypertension and age?
Blood pressure tends to increase with age, making hypertension more common in older adults.
What is the significance of regular exercise in hypertension management?
Regular exercise can help lower blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health.
What is the role of diuretics in hypertension management?
Diuretics help the body get rid of excess sodium and water, reducing blood volume and pressure.
Quels sont les examens à faire pour éliminer une atteinte des organes cibles ?
ECG, analyse d’urine, urée sanguine, créatinine sérique
Quelle est l’utilité des tests prescrits concernant l’atteinte des organes ciblés ?
ECG : recherche de signes d’infarctus ancien
Somu: recherche des protéines + RAC
Urée creat : atteinte rénale
Quelle est le seuil dx d’HTA pour la population générale ?
> 130/80
Quel est le seuil de tx de l’hta pour un patient diabétique (MAPA)?
125/75 et plus