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Démarche Clinique 4 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of hypertension?

A

Hypertension is defined as consistently elevated blood pressure.

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2
Q

True or False: Hypertension is often referred to as the ‘silent killer’ because it typically has no symptoms.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the two main types of hypertension?

A

Primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.

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4
Q

What lifestyle modifications can help manage hypertension?

A

Exercise, healthy diet, weight loss, reduced sodium intake, and limited alcohol consumption.

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5
Q

What is the first-line medication for treating hypertension?

A

IECA/ARA

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6
Q

What is the target blood pressure for most patients with hypertension?

A

Less than 140/90 mmHg.

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7
Q

True or False: Hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart attack and stroke.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal but not yet in the hypertension range?

A

Prehypertension.

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9
Q

What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hypertension management?

A

They help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

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10
Q

What is the recommended sodium intake for individuals with hypertension?

A

Less than 1,500 mg per day.

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11
Q

What is the significance of monitoring blood pressure at home for patients with hypertension?

A

It provides valuable information for managing and adjusting treatment.

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12
Q

What is the relationship between hypertension and kidney disease?

A

Hypertension is a major risk factor for kidney disease.

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13
Q

What is the DASH diet and how does it help manage hypertension?

A

The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, which can lower blood pressure.

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14
Q

What is the term for a sudden, severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a medical emergency?

A

Hypertensive crisis.

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15
Q

What is the role of beta-blockers in treating hypertension?

A

They help slow the heart rate and reduce the heart’s workload.

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16
Q

What is the relationship between hypertension and lifestyle factors such as smoking and stress?

A

Smoking and stress can contribute to high blood pressure and worsen hypertension.

17
Q

What are the potential side effects of antihypertensive medications?

A

Side effects may include dizziness, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalances.

18
Q

What is the term for blood pressure that is consistently elevated but not controlled with medication?

A

Resistant hypertension.

19
Q

What is the significance of regular blood pressure monitoring in hypertension management?

A

It helps track progress, identify trends, and adjust treatment as needed.

20
Q

What is the role of calcium channel blockers in hypertension management?

A

They help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.

21
Q

What are the potential complications of uncontrolled hypertension?

A

Complications may include heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

22
Q

What is the importance of patient education in hypertension management?

A

Patient education helps promote adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes.

23
Q

What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest?

A

Diastolic blood pressure.

24
Q

What is the significance of reducing stress in hypertension management?

A

Stress can raise blood pressure, so reducing stress is important for managing hypertension.

25
Q

What is the role of lifestyle modifications in combination with medication in hypertension management?

A

Lifestyle modifications can enhance the effectiveness of medication in controlling blood pressure.

26
Q

What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats?

A

Systolic blood pressure.

27
Q

What is the relationship between hypertension and age?

A

Blood pressure tends to increase with age, making hypertension more common in older adults.

28
Q

What is the significance of regular exercise in hypertension management?

A

Regular exercise can help lower blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health.

29
Q

What is the role of diuretics in hypertension management?

A

Diuretics help the body get rid of excess sodium and water, reducing blood volume and pressure.

30
Q

Quels sont les examens à faire pour éliminer une atteinte des organes cibles ?

A

ECG, analyse d’urine, urée sanguine, créatinine sérique

31
Q

Quelle est l’utilité des tests prescrits concernant l’atteinte des organes ciblés ?

A

ECG : recherche de signes d’infarctus ancien
Somu: recherche des protéines + RAC
Urée creat : atteinte rénale

32
Q

Quelle est le seuil dx d’HTA pour la population générale ?

A

> 130/80

33
Q

Quel est le seuil de tx de l’hta pour un patient diabétique (MAPA)?

A

125/75 et plus

Démarche Clinique 4 (5 decks)

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