Dyslipidémie

Question 1

What is dyslipidemia?

Answer 1

Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal amount of lipids (fats) in the blood.

Question 2

True or False: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the two main types of cholesterol found in the blood?

Answer 3

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 4

Which type of cholesterol is often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol?

Answer 4

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 5

What is the primary function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?

Answer 5

To remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for excretion

Question 6

What is considered a normal level of LDL cholesterol in the blood?

Answer 6

Less than 100 mg/dL

Question 7

What lifestyle factors can contribute to dyslipidemia?

Answer 7

Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption

Question 8

What is the first-line treatment for dyslipidemia?

Answer 8

Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise

Question 9

What class of medications is commonly prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol?

Answer 9

Statins

Question 10

What is the target LDL cholesterol level for individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 10

< 2 mmol/L et < 1,8 si atcd de mcas

Question 11

What is familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer 11

A genetic condition characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol from birth

Question 12

What is the role of triglycerides in dyslipidemia?

Answer 12

Elevated levels of triglycerides can also contribute to cardiovascular risk

Question 13

What is the relationship between dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis?

Answer 13

Dyslipidemia can lead to the formation of plaques in the arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis

Question 14

What is the Framingham Risk Score used for in dyslipidemia management?

Answer 14

To estimate an individual’s 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease

Question 15

What dietary changes can help improve dyslipidemia?

Answer 15

Increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats

Question 16

What is the primary goal of dyslipidemia treatment?

Answer 16

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke

Question 17

What is the role of omega-3 fatty acids in dyslipidemia management?

Answer 17

They can help lower triglyceride levels and reduce inflammation

Question 18

What is the significance of the ACC/AHA guidelines in dyslipidemia management?

Answer 18

They provide evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of dyslipidemia

Question 19

What is the difference between primary and secondary dyslipidemia?

Answer 19

Primary dyslipidemia is due to genetic factors, while secondary dyslipidemia is caused by other medical conditions or medications

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors in dyslipidemia treatment?

Answer 20

They work by increasing the liver’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood

Question 21

What is the significance of the ATP III guidelines in dyslipidemia management?

Answer 21

They were the third set of guidelines issued by the National Cholesterol Education Program for the detection, evaluation, and treatment of dyslipidemia

Question 22

What are some common risk factors for dyslipidemia?

Answer 22

Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of dyslipidemia

Question 23

What is the role of bile acid sequestrants in dyslipidemia treatment?

Answer 23

They bind to bile acids in the intestine, preventing cholesterol reabsorption and promoting its excretion

Question 24

What is the significance of the NCEP ATP IV guidelines in dyslipidemia management?

Answer 24

They provide updated recommendations for the treatment of dyslipidemia based on the latest research

Question 25

Quelle est la cible de cholestérol (LDL) à atteindre en prévention secondaire?

Answer 25

On veut recontrôler son cholestérol car on veut atteindre des cibles : LDL < 1,8

Question 26

Quelles sont les indications de traiter pour un risque fram modéré 10-19,9 ?

Answer 26

LDL 3,5 mmol OU Non-HDL
4,2 mmol/L OU Apo-B 1,05 g/L
OU
H 50 ans et F 60 ans +
Faible HDL, glucose à jeun
élevé, tour de taille élevé,
tabagisme ou HTA
OU
CRP 2 mg/L, présence de
calcification calcique, ATCD
familiaux d’événement CV en
jeune âge, Lp(a) 50 mg/dL
(100 mmol/L)