Hypertension Flashcards
How can you explain hypertension to someone? What can it put you at risk for?
blood flowing through the blood vessels is too strong for a long period which can put you at risk for a stroke.
How is hypertension defined?
high applied force
Why is hypertension called the “silent killer”?
patient not knowing they have it until they get checked randomly
Which race has the highest risk for hypertension?
African Americans
What 2 things in our diet would put a patient at risk hypertension if they were to eat high amounts?
Sodium and Cholesterol
What 3 electrolytes would put a patient at risk for hypertension if they had low amounts?
potassium, calcium, and magnesium
What 4 conditions in a patients medical history would put a patient at risk for hypertension?
Obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, & pregnancy
What is the main difference between primary & secondary hypertension?
unknown cause with primary & result of another disease with secondary
What are 5 causes of secondary hypertension?
Chronic kidney disease, Cushing’s, thyroid, sleep apnea, & drug withdrawal
What 3 symptoms are seen with a stroke?
weak/numb, blurred vision, & headache/dizzy
What 2 symptoms are seen with a heart attack?
chest pain & dyspnea
What 3 symptoms are seen with heart failure?
chest pain, dyspnea, & edema
What symptom is seen with kidney failure?
nocturia
How much sodium should a patient have daily?
less than 2400 mg
What is the circumference goal for men? What is the circumference goal for women?
less than 40 for men
less than 35 for women
What is the BMI goal for men & women?
less than 25
How is hypertensive urgency defined?
rapid onset of high bp & absence of symptoms
How is hypertensive emergency defined?
rapid onset of high bp & presence of symptoms
What is given to a patient during a hypertensive crisis?
IV vasodilator
Why is an IV vasodilator given slowly when a patient is in a hypertensive crisis?
because we do not want the patient to go into shock
What is the systolic range for an elevated blood pressure?
120-129
What is the systolic range for stage 1 hypertension? What is the diastolic range for stage 1 hypertension?
130-139
80-89
What is the systolic range for stage 2 hypertension? What is the diastolic range for stage 2 hypertension?
140 or higher
90 or higher
What is the systolic range for a hypertensive crisis? What is the diastolic range for a hypertensive crisis?
higher than 180
higher than 120
What 3 things need to be monitored with diuretics?
potassium, blood pressure, and urine output
What 2 things need to be monitored with hypertension meds?
HR & BP
Which race are calcium channel blockers more effective in?
African americans
What are the two medication options they start with in African Americans?
thiazide or calcium channel blockers
What would be a reason to give a patient the ARBs med and not ACE inhibitors?
patients report a cough with ACE inhibitors
