CAD & Angina Flashcards
What is the therapeutic range for total cholesterol?
less than 200
What is the therapeutic range for high-density lipoprotein for men? for women?
- greater than 40
- greater than 50
What is the therapeutic range for low-density lipoprotein?
less than 100
What is the therapeutic range for triglycerides?
less than 150
For gender, what age are men & women at risk for CAD?
- for men greater than 45
- for women an average of 55
Which 2 in diet are at high risk for CAD?
high animal protein & saturated fat intake
What 5 conditions are at high risk for CAD?
HTN, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease
What do you monitor and 2 things you avoid when a patient is on statins?
muscle pain
Avoid alcohol & grapefruit juice
What 2 things do you monitor & avoid with Bile acid sequestriants?
bloating & constipation
avoid taking other meds & vitamin supplements (1 hour before or 3-4 hours after)
What are 2 interventions for niacin and one thing you avoid?
take with food & an aspirin 30 minutes before
avoid alcohol
What do you monitor with fibric acid agents? What do you not do with these meds? What is one intervention with these meds?
monitor flu-like symptoms
Do not stop abruptly
Take with food
In an exercise stress test, what is seen that could indicate CAD?
decreased blood flow to the heart (myocardial ischemia)
In a cardiac catheterization, what is seen that could indicate CAD?
visualizes arteries & blood flow
With stable angina, what is the occurrence and duration?
predictable/known
short term
With prinzmetal angina, what is the occurrence and duration?
unpredictable/unknown
short term
With unstable angina, what is the occurrence and duration? Where can it also occur in?
unpredictable/unknown
long term/ unrelieved
Acute coronary syndrome
What 2 things need to be checked before administering nitroglycerin?
blood pressure and pain levels
What is the major side effect for nitroglycerin?
headache
How should the patient store their nitroglycerin bottle?
cool, airtight light-resistant bottle
How many doses of nitroglycerin can be given in 5 minutes
3
Nitroglycerin should not be taken with other medications treating what condition?
erectile dysfunction
What do you look for in an ECG for acute coronary syndrome?
abnormal changes in conduction from tissue ischemia & necrosis
What do you look for in an echocardiography for acute coronary syndrome?
detects cardiac wall motion & function of the left ventricle
What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?
- Healthy artery
- fatty streak
- atherosclerosis plaque
- atheromas
Atherosclerosis can be described as? What can it lead to?
build up of plaque (fat)
leads to coronary artery disease
Fatty streak can be described as?
yellow lining of the vessel wall
Atherosclerosis plaque can be described as?
harden accumulation of substances from inflammation
Atheroma can be described as?
rupture & releases lipoproteins
type of blood clot
What are 3 emerging risk factors for CAD?
- high levels of homocysteine
- inflammatory process
- metabolic syndrome
What type of blockage is seen in unstable angina? Is infarction or ischemia present?
partial blockage & ischemia present
What type of blockage is seen in NSTEMI? Is infarction or ischemia present?
Partial blockage, Ischemia & Infarction present
What type of blockage is seen in STEMI? Is ischemic & infarction present?
Full blockage & Ischemic & severe infarction present
What are 3 symptoms seen with acute coronary syndrome?
dyspnea, nausea, & diaphoresis
What are the 3 types of acute coronary syndrome?
- unstable angina
- NSTEMI
- STEMI
What are the 2 most common cardiac markers that identify heart damage?
- CK-MB
- Troponin
What troponin level would indicate heart damage?
greater than 0.1
