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Exam 3- NUR 114 > CAD & Angina > Flashcards

CAD & Angina Flashcards

1
Q

What is the therapeutic range for total cholesterol?

A

less than 200

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic range for high-density lipoprotein for men? for women?

A
  • greater than 40
  • greater than 50
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3
Q

What is the therapeutic range for low-density lipoprotein?

A

less than 100

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4
Q

What is the therapeutic range for triglycerides?

A

less than 150

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5
Q

For gender, what age are men & women at risk for CAD?

A
  • for men greater than 45
  • for women an average of 55
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6
Q

Which 2 in diet are at high risk for CAD?

A

high animal protein & saturated fat intake

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7
Q

What 5 conditions are at high risk for CAD?

A

HTN, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease

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8
Q

What do you monitor and 2 things you avoid when a patient is on statins?

A

muscle pain
Avoid alcohol & grapefruit juice

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9
Q

What 2 things do you monitor & avoid with Bile acid sequestriants?

A

bloating & constipation
avoid taking other meds & vitamin supplements (1 hour before or 3-4 hours after)

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10
Q

What are 2 interventions for niacin and one thing you avoid?

A

take with food & an aspirin 30 minutes before
avoid alcohol

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11
Q

What do you monitor with fibric acid agents? What do you not do with these meds? What is one intervention with these meds?

A

monitor flu-like symptoms
Do not stop abruptly
Take with food

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12
Q

In an exercise stress test, what is seen that could indicate CAD?

A

decreased blood flow to the heart (myocardial ischemia)

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13
Q

In a cardiac catheterization, what is seen that could indicate CAD?

A

visualizes arteries & blood flow

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14
Q

With stable angina, what is the occurrence and duration?

A

predictable/known
short term

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15
Q

With prinzmetal angina, what is the occurrence and duration?

A

unpredictable/unknown
short term

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16
Q

With unstable angina, what is the occurrence and duration? Where can it also occur in?

A

unpredictable/unknown
long term/ unrelieved
Acute coronary syndrome

17
Q

What 2 things need to be checked before administering nitroglycerin?

A

blood pressure and pain levels

18
Q

What is the major side effect for nitroglycerin?

A

headache

19
Q

How should the patient store their nitroglycerin bottle?

A

cool, airtight light-resistant bottle

20
Q

How many doses of nitroglycerin can be given in 5 minutes

A

3

21
Q

Nitroglycerin should not be taken with other medications treating what condition?

A

erectile dysfunction

22
Q

What do you look for in an ECG for acute coronary syndrome?

A

abnormal changes in conduction from tissue ischemia & necrosis

23
Q

What do you look for in an echocardiography for acute coronary syndrome?

A

detects cardiac wall motion & function of the left ventricle

24
Q

What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?

A
  1. Healthy artery
  2. fatty streak
  3. atherosclerosis plaque
  4. atheromas
25
Q

Atherosclerosis can be described as? What can it lead to?

A

build up of plaque (fat)
leads to coronary artery disease

26
Q

Fatty streak can be described as?

A

yellow lining of the vessel wall

27
Q

Atherosclerosis plaque can be described as?

A

harden accumulation of substances from inflammation

28
Q

Atheroma can be described as?

A

rupture & releases lipoproteins
type of blood clot

29
Q

What are 3 emerging risk factors for CAD?

A
  1. high levels of homocysteine
  2. inflammatory process
  3. metabolic syndrome
30
Q

What type of blockage is seen in unstable angina? Is infarction or ischemia present?

A

partial blockage & ischemia present

31
Q

What type of blockage is seen in NSTEMI? Is infarction or ischemia present?

A

Partial blockage, Ischemia & Infarction present

32
Q

What type of blockage is seen in STEMI? Is ischemic & infarction present?

A

Full blockage & Ischemic & severe infarction present

33
Q

What are 3 symptoms seen with acute coronary syndrome?

A

dyspnea, nausea, & diaphoresis

34
Q

What are the 3 types of acute coronary syndrome?

A
  1. unstable angina
  2. NSTEMI
  3. STEMI
35
Q

What are the 2 most common cardiac markers that identify heart damage?

A
  1. CK-MB
  2. Troponin
36
Q

What troponin level would indicate heart damage?

A

greater than 0.1

Exam 3- NUR 114 (5 decks)

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