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Exam 3- NUR 114 > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is systolic dysfunction?

A

inability of heart to contract or pump effectively

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2
Q

What is diastolic dysfunction?

A

inability of heart to relax or fill effectively

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3
Q

Heart failure can lead to what 2 things?

A
  1. decreased cardiac output
  2. decreased tissue perfusion
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4
Q

What 3 conditions that can cause acute heart failure?

A
  1. MI
  2. hypertensive crisis
  3. massive pulmonary embolism
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5
Q

What 3 conditions that can cause chronic heart failure?

A
  1. CAD
  2. HTN
  3. Diabetes
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6
Q

What are the 4 causes of left sided systolic heart failure?

A
  1. HTN
  2. CAD
  3. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  4. valvular disease
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7
Q

What are the 3 causes of left sided diastolic heart failure?

A
  1. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  2. restrictive cardiomyopathy
  3. HTN
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8
Q

What are the 2 types of dyspnea seen in left sided heart failure?

A
  1. orthopnea
  2. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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9
Q

What is the early sign & late sign in left sided heart failure?

A
  1. early sign is tachycardia
  2. late sign is altered mental status
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10
Q

What 3 charactertics can we describe about the lungs in the left sided heart failure?

A
  1. cough
  2. crackles
  3. frothy sputum
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11
Q

What are the 2 causes of right sided heart failure?

A
  1. left sided heart failure
  2. chronic lung disease
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12
Q

What are the 5 signs & symptoms of right sided heart failure?

A
  1. JVD
  2. edema
  3. ascites
  4. anorexia
  5. hepatomegaly
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13
Q

What is the formula for ejection fraction?

A

stroke volume/end diastolic volume x 100

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14
Q

What is the formula for stroke volume?

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

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15
Q

What do diuretic medications help with in heart failure?

A

removes excess fluid

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16
Q

What does morphine and oxygen help with in heart failure?

A

reduce oxygen demand

17
Q

What does the inotrope agent medications help with in heart failure?

A

increase strength

18
Q

What is one major side effect with inotrope agent?

A

tissue necrosis at injection site

19
Q

What does the implantable cardiac defribillator do to the heart?

A

sends a shock to the heart that is out of rhythm

20
Q

What does cardiac resynchronization therapy help with in the heart?

A

helps the right and left ventricles contract at the same time

21
Q

What does a coronary artery bypass graft do?

A

reroutes blood flow around a blocked artery to the ventricle

22
Q

What does a valve surgery help with?

A

improve blood flow through and out of the heart

Exam 3- NUR 114 (5 decks)

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