Hypertension Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of ACE inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
Name a common ACE inhibitor used in hypertension.
Lisinopril.
What is the typical starting dose of Lisinopril for hypertension?
10 mg once daily.
True or False: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough.
True.
What is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?
Peripheral edema.
Which class of drugs works by blocking calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle?
Calcium channel blockers.
What is the MOA of beta-blockers?
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.
Provide an example of a beta-blocker used for hypertension.
Metoprolol.
What is the usual starting dose of Metoprolol for hypertension?
50 mg once daily.
Which hypertension medication class is contraindicated in asthma?
Non-selective beta-blockers.
What is the MOA of diuretics in hypertension management?
Diuretics reduce blood volume by promoting sodium and water excretion.
Name a commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic.
Hydrochlorothiazide.
What is the typical dose of Hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension?
25 mg once daily.
True or False: Diuretics can lead to electrolyte imbalances.
True.
What class of drugs do Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) belong to?
ARBs block the effects of angiotensin II at its receptor.
Name a common ARB used for hypertension.
Losartan.
What is the starting dose of Losartan for hypertension?
50 mg once daily.
What are common drug interactions with ACE inhibitors?
Potassium-sparing diuretics and NSAIDs.
List a side effect of calcium channel blockers.
Constipation.
What is a serious potential side effect of beta-blockers?
Bradycardia.
What is the primary effect of alpha-1 blockers on blood pressure?
Vasodilation.
Name an example of an alpha-1 blocker.
Doxazosin.
What is the typical starting dose of Doxazosin?
1 mg once daily.
True or False: ARBs are less likely to cause a cough compared to ACE inhibitors.
True.
What common side effect is associated with thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia.
What is the MOA of direct vasodilators?
Direct vasodilators relax vascular smooth muscle, leading to decreased peripheral resistance.
Provide an example of a direct vasodilator.
Hydralazine.
