Hypertension

Question 1

What 2 things determine BP?

Answer 1

Amount of blood pumped by heart
Diameter of arteries

Question 2

What are the 2 types of hypertension?

Answer 2

Primary (essential) = 95%= idiopathic
Secondary

Question 3

Give 7 causes of 2ndary hypertention

Answer 3

Adrenal tumor
Thyroid problems
Congenital heart/vascular disease
Obstructive sleep apnea
Illegal drugs like cocaine and amphetamines
Cold medications, birth control pills, pain relievers
Kidney disease

Question 4

What is White coat hypertension?

Answer 4

When patient experiences elevated BP cuz of the clinical setting and anxiety but normal outside

Question 5

Give 12 RFs of hypertension

Answer 5

Age: men until age 64 but after that women (cuz no more estrogen)
Race: Black cuz racism
Family history
Overweight/obese
Lack of exercise
Smoking
Alcohol
High salt intake
Low potassium levels
Pregnancy
Chronic disease like CKD and diabetes
Stress

Question 6

Give 7 complications of hypertension

Answer 6

Heart attack/stroke
Heart failure
Aneurysm
Metabolic syndrome
Kidney problems
Eye problems
Dementia

Question 7

How do you diagnose someone with hypertension?

Answer 7

3-4 readings at different days at different times during one week

Question 8

What are the classifications of BP

Answer 8

Normal: <120 AND <80
Prehypertensive: 120-139 OR 80-89
Stage 1 HTN: 140-159 OR 90-99
Stage 2 HTN: >160 OR >100