Diabetes

Question 1

What is the normal fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose 2hrs posy 75g oral glucose and HbA1c?

Answer 1

Fasting:70-100
2hrs post oral glucose: less than 140
HbA1c: less than 5.7%

Question 2

Same values as last Q. But for Prediabetes…

Answer 2

Fasting: 100-125
2hrs post 75g oral: 140-199
HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%

Question 3

Treatment of type 1 and type 2 DM…

Answer 3

Type 1: insulin
Type 2: exercise, diet, medications (metformin)

Question 4

Which diabetes type is DKA more commonly seen in?

Answer 4

Type 1

Question 5

Non specific symptoms of hyperglycemia include…

Answer 5

Fatigue
Anorexia
Amenorrhea
Malaise
Erectile dysfunction
Blurred vision
Headache
Muscle cramps
Dehydration

Question 6

What are the skin manifestations of hyperglycemia?

Answer 6

Recurrent cellulitis and fungal infections
Generalized pruritis
Poor wound healing
Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmented plaque on axilla or neck of between digits)

Question 7

Is the onset of type 2 diabetes sudden or gradual

Answer 7

Laudarg

Question 8

Same values as last Q. But for diabetes

Answer 8

Fasting: more than 126
2hrs after 70g oral: more than 200
HbA1c: more than 6.5%
Random plasma glucose: more than 200

Question 9

Which individuals is screening recommended for?

Answer 9

Older than 45yrs
35-70yrs and overweight/obese
Young with RF

Question 10

Whoch individuals should screening be considered?

Answer 10

Mothers with history of gestational diabetes
Individuals starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV
Patients know prediabetic anually
Presence of acanthosis nigricans or PCOS
1st degree relative with diabetes

Question 11

What is the diagnostic criteria of diabetes?

Answer 11

• Fasting glucose of more than 126
• 2hrs post 70g oral of more than 200
• Random glucose of more than 200
  -HbA1c of more than 6.5%
  One of thess

Question 12

Why is HbA1c measures to diagnose diabetes?

Answer 12

It provides an estimate of the patient’s glucose level over the past 3 month

Question 13

What is the target goal of HbA1c for pregnant women, adults and children, and older adults?

Answer 13

Pregnant womwn <6%
Children and adults <7%
Older adults <8%

Question 14

Wheb should HbA1c levels be tested?

Answer 14

Every 6 month if within target goal
Every 3 month if not

Question 15

Which tests should be monitored in a diabetic patient?

Answer 15

HbA1c
Lipid profile
Annual Retinal eye exam
Annual albumin creatinine ratio
Regular dental exam
Prophylactic vaccines

Question 16

Which medications are given for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 16

Metformin
Sulfonylurea
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors