Contraception Flashcards
Contraception prevents pregnancy by…
Stopping ovulation or fertilization or implantation
How is Natural family planning a method of contraception?
Intercourse timed to coincide with days were ovulation is least likely which can be estimated by fertility signs (body temp. and cervical mucous)
Also called fertility awareness method
Which women is fertikity awareness method unsuitable?
Irregular menstrual cycle
What are the advantages and disadvantages of fertility awareness method?
Advantage: No side effects and acceptable
Disadvantages:
Least effective (24% unintended pregnancies)
No protection from STDs
Must avoid intercourse at times
What is the only method that prevents STDs?
Barrier methods
What are the advantages and disadvantages of barrier contraceptive methods?
Advantage: non-hormonal, prevents STDs,side effects rare
Disadvantage: condom might tear, some men allergic to latex
What is the unintended pregnancy rate of male condoms per year
18%
What are the MOA of combined oral contraceptive pills?
- Prevent ovulation by preventing release of LH and FSH cuz they be like oh estogen and progesterone (progestin) already here no need for me
- Increase thickness of cervical mucous making it diff for sperm to enter
- thinning of endometrium making it less suitable for implantation
What are the contraindications of COCP (combined oral)
Patients with risk of VTE
Breast cancer
Migraine headache with aura
Liver disease
What is the withdrawal bleed period of COCP?
Period of fake menstruation seen in the 7 placebo pill days
What are the adv and disadv of COCP?
Advantage: compared to progesterone only, not as serious if pills missed, reduce risk of ovarian, endometrial and bowel cancer
Disadv: increase risk of breast cancer, less effective if pills missed
What is the unintended pregnancy rate per year with COCP?
9%
What is the unintended pregnancy rates of POP (progesterone only pills)
9%
What hormones do contraceptive injections contain, where are they given and what is the most commonly used drug name? Given every how many days?
Progesterone only
Intramuscularly in buttocks
Depo-provera
Every 12 weeks
What are the adv and disadv of contraception injections
Adv: once only every 12 weeks, can be used if intolerant to estrogen,
Disadv: may cause amenorrhea and irregular bleeding (same as POP), Fertility can take up to 1 year to return after stopping
What is the unintended pregnancy rate of contraceptive injections?
6%
How do contraceptive implants work?
4cm rod inserted subdermally into upper arm that slowly releases progesterone
Most common brand of contraceptive implant is…
IMPLANon
Adv and disadv of contraceptive implant..
Adv: intolerant to estrogen, lasts 3 years, no interuption of intercourse (as all the rest except fertility awareness)
Disadv: amenprrhea and irregular bleeding (as all other progesterone only), doesnt prtoevt against STDs (as all others except barriers), bruising or infection when implanting
Unintended pregnancy % in contraceptive implant is…
0.05%
How do IUS (intrauterine system) work?
They release progesterone locally and prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical muscous and thinning endometrium
What are the adv and disadv or IUS
Adv: ok estrogen intolerant, no limit intercourse, lasts 3-5yrs, fewer side effects compared to contraceptive implant cuz only local
Disadv: no STD prevention, INCREASE RISM OF ECTOPIC, risk of uterine rupture, amenorrhea and irregular bleeding
Unintended pregnancy of IUS is..
0.2%
How do IUDs work?
Similar to IUS but no hormone, they are coated with copper which the sperm and ovum cannot survive around (THEIR CRYPTONITE)
Which contraceptive method can be used as emergency contraception?
never fear IUD is here
Which contraceptive method is used for women who are certain they dont want to become pregmant?
Sterilization
When is sterilization performed
Under general anaestethia or during c section
What is sterilization and what are the methods of female sterilization?
Permenant method of contraception
Tubal occlusion by surgical clips
Salpingectomy
What are the adv and disadv of sterilization?
Adv: no limit to intercourse, no hormones,
Disadv: no going back (however there is still ways to reverse ot but its considered irreversible, risk of surgery stuff, INCREASE RISK OF ECTOPIC, no protection from STDs
Unintended pregnancy of female sterilization is…
0.5%
What is male sterilization msthod of contraception?
Vasectomy were vas deference removed so semen is sperm free
Why is male better than female sterilization?
Less invasive procedure
Unintended pregnancy rate of male sterilization is…
0.15%
What is the 5th best contraceptive method interms of unintended pregmamcy
IUD
