hypertension Flashcards
Whats RAAS?
Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system
- Humoral (hormal) and long term pathway to regulate bp.
How does RAAS affect bp?
a system that regulates Na+ ions. salt and chloride are 90% of ECF volume which effects the BP. An increased ECF then a increased BP and reverse low ECF then low ECF.
- renin is a hormone secreted in response to a low ECF volume and BP.
Consequences of bp on change of baroreceptor signalling?
baroreceptor is the pressure monitor
they continously generate action potentials in response to pressure in arteries. when the barorecptors are releasing to many signals bp goes up, and if there is less then bp drops.
list of drugs and their target used for hypertension
- NSAIDs - (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs) can cause fluid retention and decrease kidney function.
- Weight loss drug
- ACE inhibitors
primary hypertension (idiopathic hypertension) and factors:
elevated bp for no reason, 90% of cases
- factors:
- genetic: gene variants responsible for salt retention, vasodilation and vasconstriction
- environment: obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, stress and diet.
secondary hypertension
elevated due to another cause of disease
- factors: renal disease, endocrine disorder, pre-eclamsia (pregnant after 20weeks), drugs
- malignant hypertension- accelerating form of hypertension or short term death.
what lifestyle factors influence bp and hypertension?
- alcohol intake
- salt intake
- weight control
- physical activity
- smoking
- stress
what is normal bp?
120/80
systolic (in arteries) /diastolic (out of arteries)
what is being used to measure bp and where?
sphygmomanometer
brachial artery
what is pulse pressure?
the force that the heart generate everytime they contract. eg 120-80=40
40pp
what is MAP?
Mean Artieral pressure - average pressure responsible for moving blood throught the cardiac cycle.
MAP= diastolic + 1/3 (pulse pressure)
hypension bp?
139/89
what is the baroreceptor?
neural and short term pathway in regulating bp.
