Hypertension Flashcards
List Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone
List Loop diuretics
Furosemide, torsemide
List Potassium-sparing diuretic
Amiloride, spironolactone
Explain actions of Thiazide diuretics
inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle –> increases urine volume
Explain actions of Loop diuretics
inhibit chloride reabsorption inthe thick ascending loop of Henle
Explain actions of Potassium-sparing diuretic
Binds and blocks aldosterone receptors –> blocked Na water reabsorption
** decreased SVR and BP
** considered a weak diuretic
List ACE inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Ramipril
AEs of ACE inhibitors
- Dry cough 5-20% of people
- Hyperkalemia (High K+ levels)
- Acute renal failure
- Skin rash
- Dysgeusia, loss of taste
Explain actions of ACE inhibitors
- blockingformation of angiotensin II (AII, a vasoconstrictor) –>
vasodilatation –> reduces arterial pressure, preload and afterload on the heart - Promote renal excretion of Na and H2O –> reduces blood volume, V and A pressure
List Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Losartan
Valsartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Olmesartan
Telmisartan
Explain actions of ARBs
Block type 1 angiotensin II receptors on bloods vessels and other tissues such as the heart
similar effects to ACE inhibitors and are used for the same indications
List Calcium Channel Blockers
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine)
Explain actions of CCBs
- Ca antagonists block L-type VG Ca channels in arterial smooth muscle → relaxation and vasodilation
- low intracellular [Ca2+] = vasodilation, low cardiac output
- Ca channels in the myocardium and conducting tissues of the heart are also affected by Ca antagonists –> produce negative inotropic effects by decrease Ca2+ influx during the plateau phase of the AP
List alpha blockers (peripherally acting)
Prazosin (Minipress)
List alpha blockers (centrally acting)
Clonidine (Catapres)
