Hypertension Flashcards
Evidence of end organ damage caused by HTN?
ECG- LVH
Urine dip/urine PCR- protein
U+Es- CKD
Fundoscopy- hypertensive retinopathy
Three causes of secondary hypertension
renal disease endocrine disease obstructive sleep apnoea pre-eclampsia drugs
List two endocrine diseases that cause secondary HTN
cushing's conn's syndrome thyroid disease phaeochromocytoma acromegaly hyperparathyroidism
Name two drugs that cause secondary HTN
alcohol
cocaine
antidepressants
amphetamines
In what scenario should you consider a diagnosis of secondary HTN?
patient >40y
What is the screening for HTN?
stage 2
stage 1 if DM, renal failure, CVD
What is HTN a risk factor for?
stroke, MI, heart failure, CKD
List two non pharmacological managements of HTN
reduce salt exercise diet stop smoking stop caffeine and alcohol
When would you add beta blocker to someone’s antihypertensive regimen?
- <55 ACEi
- > 55 + black/carribean CCB
- A + B + Diuretic
- Additional diuretic or alpha/beta blocker. Consider referral
What are the contraindications for ACEi?
hypotension
pregnancy- teratogenic
angioedema history
renal artery stenosis
Name a drug that interacts with ACEi
NSAIDs
diuretics
List two side effects of ACEi
cough
headache
hypotnesion
angioedema (uncommon but MCQ)
Which electrolyte abnormality can ACEi result in
hyperkalaemia
What is the mechanism of ACEi?
inhibits ACE which converts angiotension I to angiotensin II. Vasodilatory effect. Reduced aldosterone, reduced ADH secretion, reduced sympathetic activity
Two contraindications for CCB?
hypotension
aortic stenosis
heart failure
