Hypertension Flashcards by عبدالرحمن بدوي

Normal blood pressure

120/80

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Pre HTN

120-139/80-89

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Stage 1

140-159/90-99

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Stage 2

> 160/>100

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High blood pressure effect major organ system (Cake )

1- CHF
2- Stoke
3- renal failure
4- retina change

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Causes of hypertension Primary

1- Race( black male)
2- increase NA+
3- Smokers 
4- stress
5- family history 
6- high cholesterol 
7- too much caffeine 
8- obesity

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Causes of hypertension ( secondary)

1- pregnancy
2- cushing syndrome
3- chronic renal failure
4- DM

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in Chronic hypertension patient will see symptoms like

Blurry vision
Headache
Chest pain

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What is hypertension

The amount of resistance of blood pumping through the arteries

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HTN known as

Silent killer

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ليش بيأثر الضغط على القلب وبيعمل CHF

Overworking of the heart muscle and what happens is your ventricular enlargement

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ليش الضغط ممكن يكون طاير بالسما وما بيظهر اعراض على المريض

علشان بيكون لسا ما اثر على اي جهاز مثل القلب او الكلى اواواو

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لما نيجي نقيس الضغط شو الطريقة الصحيح لما نيجي نتاكد من صحة القراءة

Measure both arm and make sure patient resting and they haven’t smoked before measured because smoking causes vasoconstriction

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Nursing management (assess)

Measure BP
Family history
Change in sensory (eyes+ears) بيسمع /بيشوف
Cheek BMI
شوف هل بيباخد الدوا الي الدكتور كاتبلو اياه

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BMI normal

18.5/25

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In BMI obesity

30 and above

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In BMI overweight

25 to 30

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In BMI underweight is

18.5 below

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Education part for patient with hypertension

Limiting Na+ and caffeine intake
Smoking cessation
Exercise program
Measure BP and keeping records

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Pharmacological management for hypertension

Thiazides diuretic

ACE inhibitors

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لو كان المريض جديد بالضغط شو بنعمل

Non-pharmacological techniques will used for 1 to 3 months while monitoring BP before starting medication

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What is Thiazides do ?

Remove water and Na+ via kidney

Waste potassium

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Thiazides example

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlorthalidone

Thiazides لا تستخدم

Not for patient with renal failure
Watch lithium level (if on lithium)
علشان الليثم والصوديوم بيطلعوا مع بعض من الكلية

نصيحة لمريض الي بيوخذ thiazides

Consume enough potassium

الthiazides بينتهي بشو

Iazide

ACE inhibitors بتنتهي بشو

Pril

شو طريقة عمل ACE inhibitors

Prevent vasoconstriction by Block angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 receptors

Education for ACE inhibitors

Dry cough Avoid potassium (because drug already retain potassium) Take 1 hour before meals especially: captopril,moexipril

Angiotensin receptors blockers (ARB) what end

Sartan

Angiotensin receptors blockers (ARB) what do.

Block aldosterone and angiotensin receptor this will help lower BP

لو انزعج المريض من ACE inhibitors شو بنعطيه

ARB

Calcium channel blockers end...

Dipine

Calcium channel blockers how work

Lower heart rates and decrease workload on the heart which causes vasodilation

في ال Calcium channel blockers how work اخلي بالي من شو

Bradycardia

Normal heart rate for adults

60 to 100 beats per minutes

Beta blockers end ?

Olol

Beta blockers how works

Block epinephrine which blocks sympathetic system of heart what that causes heart to do keep a nice slow heart rate /decrease workload on the heart cause vasodilation

History of asthma or COPD should not take these drug!

Beta blockers

ليش ما بنعطي مريض asthma and copd ال beta blockers

علشان ال beta blockers زي ماهي موجودة في القلب برضوا موجودة في ال lung ولو استخدمتوا فا انت كدا عملت block for bronchodilation وهيك راح تعمل bronchoconstriction which can send them into asthma attack

Beta blockers education for patient with

Diabetes .... education them for watching their glucose level regular

At what age should you have your first screening for high blood pressure?

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that a healthy adult get a first blood pressure check at age 18. If your blood pressure is normal at that time, and you do not have diabetes or other risk factors, you should then get your blood pressure checked every year

The numbers in a blood pressure reading?

Vary, depending on the time of day your blood pressure is checked.

5. At what point is blood pressure considered "high"?

130 over 80

High blood pressure is the main cause of which of these?

Stroke

``` Which of these contribute to high blood pressure? A. Getting a lot of vitamin C B. Drinking a lot of alcohol C. Getting a lot of calcium D. All of the above ```

Excessive drinking increases heart rate. This puts pressure on vessel walls. Three to five drinks a day over a long period can cause high blood pressure.

In which age group of men does the risk for high blood pressure go up?

50 to 59. Aging directly relates to an increase in risk. Men tend to see their blood pressure go up in their 50s. Women's blood pressure tends to increase in their 60s.

What can you do to control high blood pressure? A. Get to and stay at a healthy weight B. Exercise regularly C. Take the blood pressure medicine prescribed by your doctor D. All of the above

You shouldn’t exercise if you have high blood pressure. | True or false

You get high blood pressure from stress. | True or false

You can feel it when your blood pressure starts to go up ? | True or false

The bottom number is the only one that matters in high blood pressure. True or false

If you have high blood pressure, you have to take medication | True or false

High blood pressure causes kidney disease. | True or false

Cutting back on table salt is the best way to cut sodium. | True or false