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Immunology > Hypersensitivity reaction > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity reaction Flashcards

1
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - delayed respond - cells ?

A

neutrophils and eosinophils

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2
Q

Pernicious anemia antibodies

A

antiparietal antibodies

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3
Q

Lupus antibodies

A
  1. Anticardiolipine (SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome)
  2. lupus anticoagulant (SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome)
  3. Anti-dsDNA (SLE, specific, poor prognosis - renal)
  4. Anti-Smith (SLE, specific, no prognostic)
  5. anti-histone (drug induced lupus)
  6. anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies (antiphospholipid syndrome)
  7. ANA (SLE, sensitive, nonspecific)
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4
Q

eosinophil produce

A
  1. histaminase

2. Major basic protein (a helminthotoxic)

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5
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction - treatment

A

acetaminophen

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6
Q

Anti-hemidesmosome - disease

A

bullous pemphigoid

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7
Q

IgA-deficiency and blood transfusion

A

IgA-deficient patients with anti-IgA IgEs are at risk for anaphylaxis if they receive blood or intravenous immunoglobulin (rare)

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8
Q

Anti-basement membrane - disease

A

Goodpasture

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9
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - anaphylactic reaction mechanism

A

severe allergic reaction.

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10
Q

DM1 -anybodies

A

anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) -

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11
Q

anti-Mi-2 - disease

A
  1. polymyositis

2. dermatomyositi

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12
Q

direct Coomb’s test - definition and example

A

detects antibodies that have adhered to patient’s RBCs

eg. test an Rh infant of an Rh mother

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13
Q

Basophil contains

A
  1. heparin (densly basophilic granules)
  2. histamine (densly basophilic granules)
  3. synthesie and release leukotrienes
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14
Q

anti-Smith - disease

A

SLE

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15
Q

IgA anti-endomysial

A

Celiac disease

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16
Q

anticardiolipine - disease

A

SLE

antiphospolypid syndrome

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17
Q

Mast cells releases

A
  1. histamine
  2. tryptase
  3. eosinophil chemotactic factor
  4. heparin
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18
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction - mechanism

A

type II hypersensitivity reaction –> host antibodies against donor HLA antignes and WBCs
NO HEMOLYSIS

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19
Q

voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies - disease

A

Lambert Eaton

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20
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosomes) - disease

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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21
Q

anti-CCP - disease

A

RA (more specific)

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22
Q

anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) - disease

A

DM1

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23
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - test

A

skin test for specific IgE

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24
Q

Serum sickness - symptoms

A
  1. Fever
  2. Urticaria
  3. arthralgia
  4. proteinuria
  5. lymphadeonpathy
  6. splenomegaly
  7. eosinophilia
    OCCURS 5-10 DAYS AFTER ANTIGEN EXPOSURE
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25
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - intravascular or extravascular hemolysis?

A

both

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26
Q

Sjogren antibodies

A
  1. Anti-SSA

2. Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)

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27
Q

Delayed (cell mediated) Hypersensitivity reaction (IV) - mechanism

A

sensitized T cells encounter antigen and then release cytokine (leads to macrophages activation)
DOES NOT INVOLVE ANTIBODIES (vs I, II, III)

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28
Q

Anticentromere - disease

A

Limeted scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

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29
Q

Arthus reaction - diagnosis

A

immunofluorescent stating

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30
Q

dermatomyositis antibodies

A
  1. Anti-jo
  2. Anti-SRP
  3. Anti-Mi-2
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31
Q

PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA - disease

A

granoulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

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32
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - allergic type - mechanism

A

type I hypersensitivity against plasma proteins in transfused blood

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33
Q

Anti-Jo-1 - disease

A
  1. polymyositis

2. dermatomyositis

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34
Q

Polymyositis antibodies

A
  1. Anti-jo
  2. Anti-SRP
  3. Anti-Mi-2
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35
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction - types

A
  1. anaphylactic and atopic (type I)
  2. Cytotoxic (antibody mediated, type II)
  3. Immune complex (type III)
  4. Delayed (cell mediated, type IV)
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36
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - anaphylactic reaction - treatment

A

epnephrine

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37
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - examples

A
  1. allergic and atopic disorder (eg. rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives, asthma)
  2. Anaphylaxis (eg. bee sting, some food/drug allergies
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38
Q

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) Hypersensitivity reaction - types of antibodies

A

IgM

IgG

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39
Q

vasculitis - antibodies

A
  1. Microscopic polyangitis –> MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA - disease
  2. eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg strauus) –> MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA - disease
  3. granoulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) –> PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA
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40
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction type IV - test

A
  1. patch test

2. PPD

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41
Q

haptens are

A

small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier (eg. protein) which may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself

42
Q

Crest syndrome - antibodies

A

Anticentromere

43
Q

bullous pemphigoid - antibodies

A

Anti-hemidesmosome

44
Q

Arthus reaction vs serum sickness according to time and which is the MC

A

Arthus reaction –> 3-6h MC

serum sickness –> 5 days

45
Q

antithyroglobulin - disease

A

Hashimoto

46
Q

Anti-smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune hepatitis type 1

47
Q

anti-dsDNA - disease

A

SLE

48
Q

Celiac disease - antibodies

A
  1. IgA anti-endomysial

2. IgA anti-tissue transglumatiminase

49
Q

Arthus reaction - mechanism

A

local sabacute antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction –> intradermal (or subcutaneous) injection into a presensitized (has circulating IgG individual leads to immune complex formation in the skin –> activation of complement –> PMN infiltration and platelet clumbing

50
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction type IV - example of diseases (3)

A
  1. Contact dermatitis (poison IV, nickel allergy)
  2. graft-vs-host disease
  3. Multiple sclerosis
51
Q

Arthus reaction - symptoms

A

edema and necrosis

52
Q

antiparietal cell - disease

A

pernicious anemia

53
Q

indirect Coomb’s test - definition and example

A

detects serum antibodies that can adhere to other RBCs

eg. test in Rh- woman for Rh+ antibodies)

54
Q

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) Hypersensitivity reaction - example of a nervous system disease

A

Guiillain Barre syndrome

55
Q

antiphospholipase A2 receptor - disease

A

primary membranous neuropathy

56
Q

Immune complex Hypersensitivity reaction - examples of diseases

A
  1. SLE
  2. Polyarteritis nodosa
  3. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
  4. Serum sickness
  5. Arthus reaction
57
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - mechanism

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction –> intravascular hemolysis (ABO incompatibility) or extravascular hemolysis (host antibody reaction against foreign antigen on donor RBCs)

58
Q

mixed connective tissue disease - antibodies

A

anti-U1 RNP

59
Q

primary membranous neuropahty antibodies

A

Antiphospholipase A2 receptor

60
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - clinical manifestations

A
  1. fever
  2. hypotension
  3. tachypnea
  4. tachycardia
  5. flank pain
  6. hemoglobinuria (intrav hemolysis)
  7. jaundice (extravascular hemolysis)
61
Q

Serum sickness - antibodies formation takes …. (time)

A

5 days

62
Q

MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA - disease

A

Microscopic polyangitis

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg strauus)

63
Q

MC serum sickness is caused by

A

drugs (not serum) acting as haptens

64
Q

Serum sickness - mechanism

A

antibodies formation to foreign proteins (take 5 days) –> immune complexes formation and deposition in membranes –> the fix complement –> tissue damage

65
Q

Arthus reaction - examples

A

tetanus immunization if they are gince at the same site with too short an interval interval between immunizations (min interval us usually 5 yrs)

66
Q

Anti-ACh receptors - disease

A

Myasthenia gravis

67
Q

antimicrosomal - disease

A

Hashimoto

68
Q

anti-histone - disease

A

drug induced lupus

69
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - anaphylactic reaction - clinical manifestation

A
  1. Dyspnea
  2. Bronchospasm
  3. Hypotension
  4. Respiratory arrest
  5. shock
70
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - antibodies

A
  1. Rhematoid factor

2. anti-CCP (more specific)

71
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - types

A
  1. allergic reaction
  2. Anaphylactic reaction
  3. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
  4. Acutehemolytic tranfusion reaction
72
Q

primary biliary cirrhosis antibodies

A

Antimitochondrial

73
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - allergic type - treatment

A

antihistamines

74
Q

Immune complex Hypersensitivity reaction - mechanism

A

antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes –> activate complement –> attracts neutrophils which release lysosomal enzymes

75
Q

Rhematoid factor?

A

IgM antibody that targets IgG Fc region

76
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris - antibodies

A

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosomes)

77
Q

anti-U1 RNP - disease

A

mixed connective tissue disease

78
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 antibodies

A

Anti-smooth muscle

79
Q

Lupus antigoagulant

A

SLE

antiphospolypid syndrome

80
Q

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) Hypersensitivity reaction - disease tends to be specific on

A

tissue or site where antigen is found

81
Q

antinuclear (ANA) - disease

A

SLE (nonspecific)

82
Q

Anti-SRP1 - disease

A
  1. polymyositis

2. dermatomyositis

83
Q

anti-TSH receptor

A

Graves disease

84
Q

IgA anti-tissue transglumatiminase

A

Celiac disease

85
Q

anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies - disease

A

antiphospholipid syndrome

86
Q

Anti-SCL-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

A

diffuse scleroderma

87
Q

diffuse scleroderma antibodies

A

Anti-SCL-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

88
Q

Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La) - disease

A

Sjogren syndrome

89
Q

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) Hypersensitivity reaction - mechanism

A

IgM, IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell –> complement activation –> membrane attack complex (MAC) –> a. opsonizaiton and phagoyctosis b. complement and Fc-mediated inflammation c. antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction

90
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - mechanism

A

Antigen induce the formation of IgE (through Th2 and Il-4) –> Reexposure –>
Free antigen cross-links IgE on presenting mast cells and basophils, triggering immediate release of vasoactive amines that act at postcapillary venules (eg. histamine). Rapidly reaction because of preforemed antibody –> Delayed response due to production of arachindoinc acid metabolites (eg. Leukotrienes) –> neutrophils and eosinophils

91
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - allergic type - clinical presentation

A
  1. urticaria
  2. pruritus
  3. wheezing
  4. fever
92
Q

Anti-SSA - disease

A

Sjogren syndrome

93
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - intra vs extravscular hemolysis according to clinical manifestation

A

hemoglobinuria (intrav hemolysis)

jaundice (extravascular hemolysis)

94
Q

Immune complex Hypersensitivity reaction can associated with

A
  1. vasculitis

2. Systemic manifestations

95
Q

Arthus reaction - time

A

3-6 h

96
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - main vasoactive amine and where it acts

A

Histamamine –> postcapillary venules

97
Q

Hashimoto thyroditis antibodies

A
  1. antimicrosomal

2. antithyroglobulin

98
Q

Blood transfusion reaction - Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction - clinical manifestation

A
  1. fever
  2. headaches
  3. chills
  4. flushing
99
Q

antimitrochondrial - disease

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

100
Q

anaphylactic and atopic (type I) hypersensitivity reaction - antibodies, cells and their binding

A

IgE are binded on Mast cells or basophils through Fc receptor

101
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction type IV is cell mediated so it is not transferable by

A

serum

Immunology (10 decks)

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