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IS > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV

A

IgE Mediated

IgG/IgM
Mediated

IgG Mediated

Immune 
complex
Disease
--
Mediated by 
T cell

Delayed
Type
Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

The symptoms resulting from allergic responses are known as ___
Includes: ___

A

anaphylaxis.

Hay fever, asthma, eczema, bee stings, food allergies.

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3
Q

are nonparasite antigens that can stimulate a type I hypersensitivity response.

A

Allergens

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4
Q

bind to IgE and trigger degranulation of chemical mediators.

A

Allergens

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5
Q 
Type 1 
proteins FV
plant pollens RRTB
foods NSEPBM
Insect BWACD
drugs PSAS
A 
foreign serum
vaccines
-
Rye grass 
ragweed 
timothy grass 
birch trees
-
nuts
seafood
eggs peas beans
milk
-
bee venom
wasp
ant
cockroach
dust
-
peni
sulfo
anaesthetics
salicylates
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6
Q

Most allergens promote a

A

Th2 immune.

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7
Q

Allergens are via

A

Mucosal exposure.

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8
Q

Small 15-40,000 MW proteins.

A

Allergens

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9
Q

is an enzyme allergen
from the fecal pellets
of the dust mite.

(common dust mite)

A

Der P1 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

(common dust mite)

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10
Q

is the term for the genetic trait to have a predisposition for localized anaphylaxis.

A

Atopy

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11
Q

Atopic individuals have higher levels of _and _

A

IgE and eosinophils.

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12
Q

Candidate polymorphic genes include:

A

IL-4 Receptor.

IL-4 cytokine (promoter region).

FceRI. (High affinity IgE receptor.)

Class II MHC (present peptides promoting Th2 response).
Inflammation genes.

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13
Q

Repeated exposure to allergens initiates immune response that generates IgE isotype.

A

Sensitization

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14
Q

Th2 cells required to provide the IL-4 required to get isotype switching to IgE.

A

Sensitization

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15
Q

3
Drive B cell
Activation and IgE
isotype switch.

A

IL-4
IL-4R
CD40

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16
Q

FceR1
high affinity IgE receptor found on
3

A

mast cells/
basophils/
activated eosinophils.

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17
Q

Allergen binding to IgE attached to _ triggers release of granules from cell.

A

FceR1

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18
Q

Has ITAM

motifs

A

Mechanisms of allergic response FceRI

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19
Q

Mast cells are primed with IgE on surface.

A

Effector Stage

Secondary exposure to allergen

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20
Q

Allergen binds IgE and cross-links to activate signal with tyrosine phosphorylation, Ca++ influx, degranulation and release of mediators.

A

Secondary exposure

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21
Q

Immediate effects

  • Constriction of smooth muscles.
  • Vasodilation with increased fluid into tissues causing increased swelling or fluid in mucosa.
  • Activates enzymes for tissue breakdown.
A

Histamine

22
Q

HISTA Bronchiole constriction =

A

wheezing.

23
Q

HISTA

Constriction of intestine = cramps-diarrhea.

A

cramps-diarrhea.

24
Q

Primary Mediators

Pre-formed mediators in granules

A
  • –Histamine
  • –Cytokines
    - TNF-a,
    - IL-1,
    - IL-6.
  • –Chemoattractants for Neutrophils and Eosinophils.
  • –Enzymes
    - tryptase, chymase, cathepsin
25
Q

Mediators formed after activation

A

-Leukotrienes
-Prostaglandins
-Th2 cytokines-
IL-4,
IL-5,
IL-13,
GM-CSF

26
Q

_ cells control the immediate response.

_ _ drive late or chronic response.

A

Mast cells

Eosinophils and neutrophils

27
Q

More __ production further driven by activated Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils.

A

IgE

28
Q

play key role in late phase reaction.

A

Eosinophils

29
Q

Eosinophils make

3

A

-enzymes,

-cytokines
(IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF),

-Lipid mediators
(LTC4, LTD4, PAF)

30
Q

Eosinophils can provide _ and _ for B cell activation.

A

CD40L and IL-4

31
Q

Digestive tract contact results in vomiting, cramping, diarrhea.

Skin sensitivity usually reddened inflamed area resulting in itching.

Airway sensitivity results in sneezing and rhinitis OR wheezing and asthma.

A

Localized anaphylaxis

32
Q

Target organ responds to direct contact with allergen

A

Localized anaphylaxis

33
Q

Systemic vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction leading to severe bronchiole constriction, edema, and shock.

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

34
Q

Similar to systemic inflammation.

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

35
Q

prolongs or increases cAMP levels in mast cells which inhibits degranulation.

A

Theophylline OR epinephrine

36
Q

also known as allergy shots

A

Desensitization (hyposensitization)

37
Q

Antibody mediated cytotoxicity

A

TYPE II

38
Q

Rh factor incompatibility

A

TYPE II Hemolytic disease of newborn

39
Q

IgG abs to Rh an innocuous rbc antigen

A

Hemolytic disease of newborn

40
Q

Antigen antibody immune complexes. IgG mediated

A

TYPE III

41
Q

Large amount of antigen and antibodies form complexes in blood.

If not eliminated can deposit in capillaries or joints and trigger inflammation.

A

Immune Complex Disease

42
Q

TYPE III Immune Complexes

_ and _ bind to immune complexes via FcR and phagocytize the complexes.

A

PMNs and macrophages

43
Q

If neutrophils and macrophages are unable to phagocytize the immune complexes these cells will degranulate in the area of immune complex deposition and trigger inflammation.
Unable to eat ——-try to digest outside cell.

A

“Frustrated Phagocytes”

44
Q

Deposited in joints causing local inflammation =

Deposited in kidneys =

A

arthritis.

glomerulonephritis.

45
Q

is usually transient immune complex disease with removal of antigen source.

A

Serum sickness

46
Q

from large amounts of antigen such as injection of foreign serum

A

Serum sickness

47
Q

Th1 cells release cytokines to activate macrophages causing inflammation and tissue damage.

Continued macrophage activation can cause chronic inflammation resulting in tissue lesions, scarring, and granuloma formation.

A

DTH

48
Q

Stages of Type IV DTH Effector stage

_ cause tissue destruction, inflammation.

_ that activates T cells and CTLs.

A

IFN-g, TNF-a, and TNF-b

IL-2

49
Q

Small molecules act as haptens and complex with skin proteins to be taken up by APCs and presented to Th1 cells to get sensitization.

During secondary exposure Th1 memory cells become activated to cause DTH.

A

Contact dermatitis

50
Q 
DTH is a type of immune 
response classified by 
_ and _ 
activation that results in 
tissue damage.
A

Th1 and macrophage

51
Q

Peni-induced hypersen rxn

Type 1
Type 2
3
4

A

Type 1 - IgE - urticaria, systemic anaphylaxis

Type 2 - IgM IgG - hemo anem
3 - IgG - serum sickness, glome
4 - Tdth cells - contact dermatitis

IS (6 decks)

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